Gladiolus Studies — II 



209 



the contiguous segments, and the upper pair of laterals are overlapped 

 by the lower pair of laterals. The segments may have a directly opposite 

 arrangement, in which the upper segment 

 of the perianth is within. This arrange- 

 ment of the various segments has been 

 caUed anthotaxy by Jackson (1889). who 

 styles the differences in arrangement A 

 and B. The term should be cBStivaiion, 

 and the various arrangements designated 

 as one-, two-, and three-spotted aestiva- 

 tion. Jackson says: 



A single spike may be composed of flowers of 

 the first arrangement (.4 ) wholly, or it may have 

 flowers of both arrangements in var^nng numerical 

 proportions; but the first (.-1 1 as far as noted 

 always predominates. Flowers of the second 

 arrangement (B) may be the first, last, or scatter- 

 ingly intermediate on the spike. The two arrange- 

 ments are fundamental in the flower, they are not 

 brought about by twists in the segments. The 

 arrangement of the cell in the ovar\- coincides 

 with the var>-ing relative position of the segments. ^^ ^^ longitl-din.^ section 



In Gladiolus dracocephalus and G. pur- °^ gl.^iolus bloom 



, . . , The outer part of the flower is made up of 



plireO-anratUS, the arrangement is of the perianth segments (H). commonly caUed 



J „ . . . , petals, to which are attached the stamens, 



second type. G. pSlttaCinilS is the only which are made up of anthers (B) and 



. filaments (D). At the center of the flower 



species noted m which there was a van- is the pistil with its feather>-, three-lobed 



... T 1 • • stigma (A), the long thread-like style 



ation m arrangement, in this speaes (C), and the ovar>-, or o%-uiar>- (F), which 



. , _ . . _ bears the o\niles. or potential seeds (G). 



most 01 the llowerS are as m the hrst The base of the flower is surrounded by two 

 , . . ,, , leaf-like spathe-v-alves (E) 



arrangement, but a few follow the second 



type of aestivation. Jackson states that the existence of two types of 

 perianth arrangement on a single spike in a true species would be 



anomalous, and its 

 occurrence in hy- 

 brid gladioH should 

 be considered as 

 the inheritance of 

 a mixed blood, the 

 occurrence of the 

 one-spotted lip 

 being due to one 

 type or species, 

 and the inheritance 

 of the other type being due to other species. He thinks this sug- 

 gestion is borne out by the hybrids of G. piirpureo-auraUis. for 



.ESTIVATION" IN GL.\DIOLUS 



A, two-lipped, the upper inner segment is a trifle arched 



the outer segments are frequently somewhat reflexed 



B, one-lipped, 



