JO NATIVE BRITISH ORCHIDACE^ 



the two upper anthers of the inner whorl (as in PL 2, fig. 8), ordinarily absent, had been 

 developed Three plants were found in Kent^ and one in Surrey with creamy white 

 stems and leaves without any tinge of green (clilorophyll), resembling Monotropa 

 hypopytis, and probably due to the same cause, saprophytism. I have seen the same 

 thing in Serapias lingua, S. longipetala, and S. negkcta in France and Italy, but it is 

 extremely rare in that genus. Specimens of C. grandiflora were found in two localities 

 in Surrey with tliree lips.^ Of these the central is the true lip, the side ones bemg 

 extremely rare developments of the obsolete anthers A^ and A^ (Text-fig. 2). Inci- 

 dentally this shows that Darwin's theory, that the lip is built up of a petal and these 

 two anthers, is unnecessary. Not only has the original petal developed mto a perfect 

 lip without assistance, but each anther has been able to produce a lip by itself. 



A specimen found by me near Wye had four buds on the upper part of the rliizome, 

 which might perhaps have given rise to four stems the next year, but I have never 

 seen the s'tems tufted as in Bpipactis violacea {purpuratd) and E. kptochik. The usual 

 number of flowers is 6-8. I have found specimens occasionally with flowers wide 

 open and sepals spreading, but never in flowers examined at night. The ovary is 

 sometimes found with fine papillas, and a ripe capsule was once seen with a very 

 short stalk. Two spikes found near SaUsbury had flowers as wide open as m C ensijolta, 

 as also were some flowers seen in Surrey. 



Habitat. Woods and shady places on calcareous soil. I have seen it flourishing 

 in the open among bushes or where it had shade during part of the day from trees. 



Flowers May to June. , , , , t- j 



Distribution. Not infrequent in S.E. England, rare and local elsewhere. Extends 

 from Kent to Somerset, Wilts, and Dorset, and northwards to Cambridge (B.E.C 

 1923) Warwick {]3. 1905), and W. Cumberland ijop. Bot. p. 1041). Absent from 

 Ireland. S. Sweden and Central Russia to the Mediterranean and N. Africa (Algeria), 

 Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Asia Minor. 



Cephalanthera grandiflora Babington, Man. Brit. Bot. p. 296 (1843). 



Serapias grandiflora L., Sjst. ed. 12, p. 594 (1767)- Cephalanthera 



PALLENS Richard,Mm. Mus. Paris, iv, 60 (1817). C. damasonium Dr. See p. 36. 



Fertilisation. Self-pollination takes place as a rule, and almost every flower sets 



a capsule. The pollinia each divide into two and lean forward over the edge of the 



stigma, to which they become anchored by pollen-tubes. If not removed by insects 



they crumble, and pollen falls on the stigma. It has been generally regarded as always 



self-fertilised. , r 1 1 



I saw two or three flowers visited by Bombus lucorum in Surrey, and found several 



flowers there, and also in the environs of Paris and Nice, from which one or both 



. Tahourdin, Notes as to British Orchids, p. 11 (1923)- ' ^^'^- P" ^° ('9^6-7). 



