iVEOrr/E^— EPIPACTIS 83 



pollination. If not visited by them, no seed-capsules are produced. Self-fertilisation 

 does not occur. The brighter colour of the flowers and their scent attract insects 

 more readily than the other species of Epipactis, and result in the visits of a larger 

 variety of species. At Sils Maria, in the Engadine, at 6000 ft. elevation, in a very 

 open larch-wood, on August 7th and 8th, 1924, I caught no less than five bees and 

 a wasp visiting the flowers, and failed to catch two other bees and a wasp. These 

 were identified by M. Lucien Berland, of the Paris Museum, as Bombus mastrucatus 

 Zerst., B.pjrenaus J. P. S, B.pratorum S. $, B.jonellus K., B. hypnorum L. ^, and Vespa 

 saxonica. It is noteworthy that all the bees were Bomhi, which seem never to be 

 attracted by H. latijolia, the latter being exclusively and freely visited by wasps, 

 whereas although wasps visit £. ruhiginosa, they do not appear to do it so frequently 

 as Bombi. It would therefore seem that the honey produced by E. rubiginosa is not 

 the same as that of E. latijolia. 



EPIPACTIS LATIFOLIAx E. RUBIGINOSA 



X Epipactis Schmalhausenii Richter 



PI. 12 



PI. 12 shows a plant growing wild in a shrubbery near Deganwy, N. Wales, July 

 1 8th, 1 91 1. Its habit and general appearance were those of E. latijolia, of which it 

 had the ovate-lanceolate tapering lower, and long narrow upper leaves, the long 

 bracts, longer ovaries and longer many-flowered spike. It resembled Epipactis rubi- 

 ginosa by its horizontal rhizome with many slender roots, its not very tall stem, with 

 an open funnel-shaped sheath at the base, its short sepals and petals, transversely 

 oval hypochile, and short heart-shaped epichile, broader than long, with two dark 

 red bosses at its base. The colour of the two petals and upper sepal, as well as of 

 the lip, was that of E. rubiginosa, but the pendent flowers and long tapering down- 

 trending bracts resembled those of E. latijolia. Speaking generally it had the stem, 

 leaves and bracts of the latter, with the small red flowers of E. rubiginosa. Time of 

 flowering nearer that of E. rubiginosa (June to July) than that of E. latijolia (August to 

 September). One specimen was found at Tongue, W. Sutherland, in 1900 on lime- 

 stone by the Rev. E. S. Marshall.' Originally recorded from Russia in 1874 by 

 Schmalhausen; Grassington, Yorks. {].B. p. 11, PI. 555, fig. 5 (1920)). 

 X Epipactis Schmalhausenii Richter, Vlant. Eur. i, 284 (1890). 

 ■ J.B. p. 298 (1907); O.K. p. 142 (1919). 



