246 THE CHERRIES OF NEW YORK 



Duchesse d'Angouleme is supposed to have come from the vicinity of Viemia, Austria, 

 ahhough some writers give France as its place of origin. It is often confused with other 

 sorts. Tree large, vigorous, upright, slightly spreading, productive; fruit medium to 

 above in size, roundish-oblate; stem rather long and thick, set in a large, deep cavity; skin 

 firm, bright red; flesh yellowish white, tender, juicy, sprightly, agreeably aromatic at 

 extreme maturity; quality fair to good; stone nearly round, slightly compressed; ripens 

 from the middle to the end of June. 



Duchesse de Palluau. P. avium X P. cerasus. i. Mag. Hort. 19:407 fig. 28. 1853. 

 2. Leroy Did. Pom. 5:261, 262 fig. 1877. 3. Rev. Hort. 236, 237, PI. 1901. 



Herzogin von Paliiau. 4. III. Handb. 169 fig., 170. i860. 



Precoce Lcmercier mcor. 5. Rlortillet Le CmszVr 2: 142-146, fig. 1866. 



Duchesse de Palluau was raised about 1840 by M. Pierre Bretonneau near Tours, 

 Indre-et-Loire, France. In 1844 he gave cions of this variety, under the name Duchesse 

 de Palluau, to Leroy who propagated and probably disseminated the sort. Tree large, 

 productive; fruit medium to large, heart-shaped, compressed; stem long, slender; skin 

 tliin, dark purple becoming almost black; flesh tinged with red, juicy, brisk subacid 

 becoming sweet; good in quality; stone nearly free, oblong-ovate, small; ripens in early 

 mid-season. 

 Duke of Edinburgh. P. avium, i. Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales 19:998. 1908. 



Tree stunted, upright; fruit too small and soft for market; similar to Belle d'Orleans; 

 ripens in November in Australia. 

 Dumas. Species? i. Mas Pcwz. Ce;;. 11: 160. 18S2. 



Mentioned in the reference given. 

 Dunkelrothe Knorpelkirsche. P. avium, i. Tntchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 680-682. 

 1819. 



Bigarreau aLongue Queue. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:121, 122 fig., 123, 219. 1866. 



Bigarreau Rouge Fonce. 3. Ibid. 2:^,02. 1866. 



Bigarreau Violet. 4. Leroy Diet. Pom. 5:249 fig. 1877. 



This variety probably originated with Van Mons in Belgiimi about 1790. It was 

 received by Truchsess a Httle later as a French sort vmder the name Bigarreau Violet. 

 Fruit large, elongated-cordate, sides compressed; suture very distinct dividing the fniit 

 into halves ; stem very long, more deeply inserted in xmripe fruits ; skin firm but not tough, 

 yellowish, overspread with dark red, verging to violet; flesh yellowish, firm, juicy; quality 

 excellent; stone free, small, roundish-oval; apex acutely pointed; ripens the middle of Jvme. 

 Duraccia. P. avium, i. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 292. 1893. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 175. 

 1895. 



E. E. Goodrich, Santa Clara, California, received cions of this variety from Lucca, 

 Italy, thinking it to be the famous " Pistojese " used extensively in Italy for brandying. 

 Fruit above medium in size, cordate; stem long, slender, set in a large, deep, regular cavity; 

 suture deep, extending beyond the apex; skin thin, tough, smooth, glossy, finely pitted, 

 dark purple to almost black; flesh red with lighter veinings, firm, meaty, rich, sweet; quality 

 very good; pit of mediiim size, plump, partially adherent; season at Santa Clara the last 

 of July to August; ships well; has not been reported from the eastern states. 



