108 THE BOOK OF THE ROSE CHAP. 
in health and vigour. But in many parts of the 
country, particularly in low-lying districts, we often 
find, on removing the protecting material in March 
or April, that a considerable part of the plant has 
been killed during the winter; and are only thankful 
if we can find some real life to cut back to. For 
exhibition purposes the pure Teas should be in 
nearly all cases pruned back as hard as the H.P.s; 
there is no fear of these free-flowering and most 
charming Roses failing to bloom. 
It is important to remember that Sweet-briars, 
Austrian briars, and in fact the single Roses in 
general, should not be pruned at all, beyond the 
cutting out of dead or dying wood. 
Where Gloire de Dijon or any of its race, Maréchal 
Niel, or any of the strong-growing Noisettes are 
cultivated in the open, they should be treated as 
mentioned above on the pruning of wall Roses. These 
varieties if in good health make long strong flower- 
less shoots late in the summer, which should be 
retained nearly to their full length as they will 
give the finest blooms. These shoots should be 
trained, while still soft, in as near an approach to a 
horizontal position as is practicable without bending 
them too much, and will last about two years, when 
they will probably become weak and should be 
removed to make way for others. 
This habit of making strong flowerless growths 
late in the summer renders the following special 
treatment advisable for the training and pruning of 
Maréchal Niel under glass. 
In a house fitted with wires up the roof as for 
vines let a strong maiden standard be planted, at 
the front of the house where a vine would be placed, 
