134 THE BOOK OF THE ROSE CH. VII. 
that this want of balance between the head and the 
roots accounts for the remarkable growth of the 
second season. ‘The tap-roots should be boldly 
shortened, as it is our object to encourage com- 
paratively shallow roots as much as possible. There 
will still be a tendency to root deep, and, when Rose 
plants on the seedling briar are moved, roots with a 
downward inclination should be suppressed and any 
horizontal ones ‘encouraged. In planting out briar 
seedlings for budding, the ‘‘ collar,’ or place where 
root ends and stem begins, should be open upon the 
surface of the ground, not beneath it, for the rose is 
budded in this case upon the main root below the 
collar. 
