154 THE BOOK OF THE ROSE CHAP. 
Two or three turns of a thin bit of Raffia are first 
taken round the lower part of the sloping cut on the 
stock leaving the ends underneath. A third hand 
comes in very usefully here, and the operator 
generally utilises his mouth for the purpose. The 
end of the scion is thus held ready for putting into 
position under the tie, which is then tightened and 
finished by the hands. 
It is not necessary to make the circles of the tie 
touch each other, nor are wax and clay used for 
keeping out the air. The pot is immediately placed 
in bottom heat in a frame which excludes the air, 
and it is most interesting to watch the callus or 
cambium growth forming between the two barks, 
The bud will probably start in about three weeks, 
and then air will be gradually given, and a high but 
even temperature maintained till the plant has 
grown sufficiently to be hardened by degrees and to 
stand exposure to an ordinary mild atmosphere. 
The young growths will be very lable to “‘ damp 
off,’ and the usual precautions against this 
catastrophe, of admitting air above, even in frosty 
weather when the heat must be increased, must be 
strictly attended to. Roses raised in this manner 
are not so good for planting out as budded ones, 
but are useful for providing buds for outdoor propa- 
gation, and nowadays good pot plants, especially of 
the climbing varieties, are established in this way. 
Where there are no appliances of close frames 
with bottom heat, the operation must be deferred to 
a little later in the year, the stocks must be in a 
more forward condition, and grafting wax must be 
used to cover the whole of the operated parts 
closely, as is the case with fruit-trees grafted in the 
