198 THE BOOK OF THE ROSE CHAP. 
Mr. Wilham Paul so well explains in The Rose 
Garden, that we change all the seasons for the plants 
under our care. We make winter spring, spring 
summer, and summer autumn, and we must make 
autumn like winter, in that it shall be a season of 
rest. In making artificial seasons we must see that 
they come gradually as they do in Nature, and when 
we commence to start the plants about the New 
Year, we must remember that spring nights are cold, 
and spring days are not very warm, so that a tem- 
perature of from 45° to 50°, or 55° from sunheat, by 
day, and 38° to 40° or a very little more by night, 
will be quite high enough for a beginning. 
A commencement should be made with plants 
purchased in pots and specially prepared for forcing, 
for without the education of an autumnal rest they 
will not break and grow strongly in midwinter. 
Several firms make a speciality of this branch of 
the business. The plants used generally to be grown 
on their own root, but H.P.s on the manetti and 
Teas on the briar is now the usual practice. If the 
pots have holes at the bottom of the sides it will 
facilitate giving liquid manure when necessary by 
plunging, but the embedding them in the house 
pretty deeply in cocoa fibre or some similar material 
is not now generally recommended. 
The plants should be pruned rather closely to 
well-ripened outlooking buds, and the first year, 
while they are young, only a few shoots well apart 
from each other should be allowed to grow. It is 
most important that there should not be too much 
heat at first, and that it should very gradually rise 
with the increase of light. Even when the buds are 
well formed and soon about to open, the artificial 
