REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 85 



The subject of land transportation was partially shown in three series: (1) The 

 burden bearer and the sliding and the rolling loail, (2) the wheeled vehicle, (3) the 

 steam locomotive. 



Electricity. — Electrical inventions, representing one of the y«jungest and most mar- 

 velous branches of activity, were shown in three series: (1) experimental apparatus, 

 (2) transmitting apparatus, (3) recording apparatus. 



frwuj)ft offiyui'f's iUustrnting [jractice of primitire (dis. — Associated with the develop- 

 ment of exhil)its were a numVjer of life-sized figures, modeled in plaster and ai)pro- 

 priately costumed, intended t(j illustrate the practice of the arts in their primitive 

 stages. They give a vivid impression of primitive j^rocesses as contrasted with the 

 methods and machiner\' of advanced civilization. The subjects presented were as 

 follows: 



Tin' (Jri/lt-r. — An Eskimo man in reindeer-skin costume using a bow drill for V)oring 

 ivory. 



The flint flaker. — A Powhatan Indian roughing out stone implements. 



Tlie lioiiilni/ IniUer. — A southern Indian woman pounding corn in a wooden mor- 

 tar. Figure in plaster with costume restored from drawings made in Colonial times. 



The ><kiu dresser. — Sioux woman using a scraping or graining tool. 



T lie potter. — Papago Indian woman modeling an earthen vessel, simple jn-ocess. 



Tlie metal uvrker. — A Navaho Indian making silver ornaments; process probably, 

 in part at least, introduced by whites. 



The belt neaver. — A Zuiii girl with primitive loom weaving a belt. 



Department of Biology. — The exhibit of this department of the Museum was 

 planned and prepared by Dr. F. "\V. True, head curator, assisted by the scientific staff. 



The department of biology covers the entire field of zoology and botany. In 

 selecting a topic for illustration in the small space available, two ideas were kept in 

 view: First, to present a series of objects significant in itself and at the same time 

 likely to be of especial interest to visitors to the exposition; and, second, to have this 

 series sufficiently diversified in character to show the various methods employed in 

 the Department. 



The exhibit comprises the characteristic animals of the marine and fresh waters of 

 North America, from the lowest to the highest forms, and the principal types of 

 seaweeds. 



Loicer iiirertebrates. — Three cases were devoted to the lower invertebrates, such as 

 crustaceans, worms, star-fishes, and other echinoderms, jelly-fish, corals, and other 

 coelenterates, and foraminifera, and other protozoans. These were arranged in 

 zoological order, from the lower to the higher forms. The corals and other low forms 

 were in a special case near the side entrance. 



Mollushs. — A floor case in the regular series was devoted ta typical forms of North 

 American shells, chiefly marine. 



//^stY'^s■. — Aquatic and semiaquatic insects occupied the adjoining wall. 



Fii^he.<t. — A series of painted casts representing the principal families of North 

 American fishes occupied one-half of a long wall-case. About seventy families in all 

 were represented. Included with tlie casts was a small series of skeletons of the 

 lowest forms of fishes. 



Reptiles and batrachians. — The principal types of North American aquatic reptiles 

 and batrachians, such as the turtles, terrapin, water snakes, frogs, salamanders, etc., 

 were exhiljited in the wall-case. Casts of the larger sea turtles were exhibited on 

 the wall directly above the case. These were the leatherback turtle, the green 

 turtle, and the loggerhead. 



Birds. — A large series included the principal aquatic- birds of North America. 

 They were arranged in zoological order as nearly as circumstances permitted in the 

 wall-case. 



Mainiii'ils. — The following porpoises ^\ere represented by full-sized casts from life. 

 The harbor porpoise {PItocaena pJiocaena) , the black-fish {Globicephalus melas), the 

 grampus {Grampus griseus), and the common dolphin {Delphmus delphis). 



