514 THE PEOPLING OE THE ]'H1LIPPINES. 



populations Have received the special name of Alfuros.' But this 

 ambiguous term has been used in such an arbitrary and promiscuous 

 fashion that latterly it has been well-nigh banished from ethnological 

 literature. It is not long ago that the Negritos were so called. But 

 if the })lack peoples are eliminated, there remains on many islands at 

 least an element to be differentiated from the Malay, chiefly through 

 the darker skin color, greater orthocephaly. and more wav\v, quite 

 crimped hair. I have, for the difl'erent islands, furnished proof, and 

 will here only refer to the assertion that "a broad belt of wavy and 

 curly hair has pressed itself in between the Papuan and the Mala}^ a 

 belt which in the north seems to terminate with the Veddah, in the 

 south with the Australian." One can not read the accounts of travelers 

 without the increasing conviction of the existence of several different, 

 if not perhaps related, varieties of peoples thrust on the same island. 

 From this results the natural and entirely unprejudiced conclusion, 

 which has repeatedly been stated, that either a primitive people b}^ 

 later intrusions has been pressed back into the interior or that in 

 course of time several immigrations have followed one another. At 

 the same time it is not unreasonable to think that both processes went 

 on at the same time, and indeed this conception is strongly brought 

 forward. So Blumentritt assumes that there is there a primitive black 

 people and that three separate ^Vlalav invasions have taken place. 

 The oldest, whose branches have many traits in accord with the Dayaks 

 of Borneo, especially the practice of head-hunting; a second, which 

 also took place before the arrival of the Spaniards, to which the Tagals, 

 Visayas,Vicols, Ilocanes, and other tribes belong; the third, Islamitic, 

 which emigrated from Borneo and might have been interi-upted by the 

 arrival of the Spaniards, and with which a contemporaneous immigra- 

 tion from the Moluccas went on. It must be said, however, that 

 Blumentritt admits two periods for the first invasion. In the earliest he 

 places the immigration of the Igorrotes. Apayos, Zam))ales — in short, 

 all the tribes that dwelt in the interior of the country later and were 

 pressed away from the coast, therefore, actually, the mountain tribes. 

 To the second half he assigns the Tinguianes, Catalanganes. and Irayas, 

 who are not head-hunters, but Semper saj'S they appear to have a 

 mixture of Chinese and Japanese blood.'' 



^A. Lesson. Les Polynesians, Paris, 1880, Vol. I, pp. 267, 283. [On this objection- 

 able word see A. B. Merer, The Distribution of the Negritos, Dresden, 1899, Stengel, 

 p. 7.-TR.] 



^R. Virchow, Alfuren-Schiidel von Ceram und von den Molucken. Verhandl. 

 Berl. Anthrop. Gesellschaft, 1882, p. 78; 1889, pp. 159, 170. .[Whether this be a 

 new type or mixture cf. J. G. F. Riedel, De sheik en Kroesharige Rassen tlesschen 

 Selebes en Papua, 1886. — Translator.] 



•* Note. — The dates for these several migrations are given as follows : First migration, 

 200 B.C.; second migration, 100-.'>00, A. D., bringing the alphabet; third migration, 

 fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, Islamitic. But these dates represent only opinions 

 up to date, from which more thorough inquiry must set out. — Translator. 



