THE PEOPLING OF THE PHILIPPINES. 515 



Against this scheme many things may ])e said in detail, especially 

 that, according to the apparently well-grounded assertions of MiiUer- 

 Beeck, the going of the Chinese to the Philippines was developed 

 about the end of the fourteenth century, and chiefly after the Span- 

 iards had gotten a footliold and were using the Mexican silver in trade. 

 At any rate, the apprehension of Semper, which rests on somewhat 

 superficial physiognomic ground, is not confirmed by searching investi- 

 gations. So the head-hunting of the mountain tribes, so far as it 

 hints at relations with Borneo, gives no sure chronological result, since 

 it might have been contemporaneous in them and could have come here 

 through invasion from other islands. 



The chief inquiry is this: Whether there took place other and older 

 invasions. For this we are not only to draw upon the present tril)es, 

 but if possible upon the remains of earlier and perhaps now extinct 

 tribes. This possibility has been brought nearer for the Philippines 

 through certain cave deposits. We have to thank, for the first infor- 

 mation, the traA'eler Jagor, whose exceptional talent as collector has 

 placed us in the possession of rich material, especially crania. To his 

 excellent report of his journey I have already dedicated a special 

 chapter, in which I have presented and partially illustrated not 

 only the cave crania, l)ut also a series of other skulls. An extended 

 conference upon them has been held in the Anthropological Societv.' 



The old Spanish chroniclers describe accurately the mortuary cus- 

 toms which were in vogue in their time. The dead were laid in cotfins 

 made from excavated tree trunks and covered with a well-fitting lid. 

 They were then deposited on some elevated place, or mountain, or 

 river bank, or seashore. Caves in the mountains were also utilized 

 for this purpose. Jagor describes such caves on the island of Saniar, 

 west of Luzon, whose contents have recently been annihilated. - 



The few crania from there which have been intrusted to me bear 

 thf Tiiarks of recent pedigree, as also do the additional objects. Tnfor- 

 tunately. Dr. Jagor did not himself visit these interesting caves, but 

 he has brought crania thence which are of the highest interest, and 

 which I must now mention. 



The cave in question lies near Lanang,^ on the east coast of Samar, 

 on the bank of a river, it is said. It is, as the traveler reports, cele- 

 ])rated in the locality "on account of- its depressed gigantic crania, 

 without sutures." The singular statement is made clear by means of 

 a well-preserved example, which I lay before you. The entire cra- 



1 Note. —In the matter of evidence for high antiquity and separate race furnished 

 bvincrusted cave crania, Prof. WilHam H. Holmes's paper on the Calaveras skull 

 (printed in this volume), should be studied, in which serious doubt^s are thn.wn 

 upon the value of such relics as witnesses.— Translator. 



^F. Jagor, Grabstiitten zu Nipa-Nipa. Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologic, ISOO, I. p. SO. 



='DiePhilippinen und ihre Bexvohner. Verb, der Berliner Authrop. (n-selisch., 

 1870, session of 25th of January. 



