THE PEOPLING OF THE PHILIPPINES. 523 



of tho Igon-otos. ' There appears to exi.st a g-reat variety of symbols; 

 for example, on the arms, straight and crooked lines crossing one 

 another; on the breast, feather-like patterns. Least frecpuMitly he saw 

 the so-called Burik designs, which extended in parallel l)ands across 

 the breast, the back, and calves, and give to the ))ody the appearance of 

 a sailor's striped jacket. It is very remarkable that the human form 

 never occurs. 



What is true concerning tattooing on so many Polynesian islands 

 holds also completely here. But reliable descriptions are so few. and 

 especially there is such a meager number of useful drawings, that it 

 would not repay the trouble to assemble the scattered data. At least 

 it will suffice to discover whether among them there are genuine tribal 

 marks or to investigate concerning the distribution of separate i)attei-ns. 

 Those known show conclusively that in the matter of tattooing the 

 Filipinos are not differentiated from the islanders of the Pacific; thev 

 form, moreover, an important link in the chain of knowledge which 

 demonstrates the genetic homogeneity of the inhalntants. The tattoo- 

 ings of the eastern islanders are comparable only to those of African 

 aborigines, with which last they furnish many family marks, made out 

 and recognized. It is desirable that a trustworthy collection of all 

 patterns be collected before the method becomes more altered or 

 destroyed. 



Next to the skin, among the wild tribes the teeth are modified in 

 the most numerous artificial alterations. The preferable custom. ct)m- 

 mon in Africa, of breaking out the front teeth in greater or less lunnber 

 has not, so far as I remember, been described among the Filipinos; 

 I only mention that while I was making a revision of our Philippine 

 crania, two of them turned up in which the middle upper incisoi-s had 

 evidently been broken out for a long time, for the alvecjlar l)order had 

 shrunk into a small quite smooth ridge, without a trace of an aveolus. 

 It is otherwise with the pointing of the incisors, especially the upjM'r 

 ones, which, also is not common. I must leave it undecided wlicthcr 

 the sharpening is done by filing or by breaking ofi" pieces from 

 the sides. The latter should be in general far more frequent. In 

 every case the otherwise broad and flat teeth are brought to such 

 sharp points as to project like those of the carnivorous animals. I 

 have met with this condition several times on Negrito skulls and fur- 

 nished illustrations of them.' On a Zambal skull, excavated l>y Dr. 

 A. B. Meyer and which I lay before you, the deformation is easy to be 

 seen. I called attention at the time to the fact that among the Malays 

 an entirely different method of modifying the teeth is in vogue, in 

 which a horizontal filing on the front surface is practiced and the sharp 



1 Verhandl. der Berliner Gesell^di. fiir Anthropologie, 1SS8, p. 380. 

 •^ Abhandlung iiber alteund neueSchadel, in F. Jagor's Keisen in de.i Phihi.i.inen. 

 Berlin, 1873, p. 37-1, PI. II, ligs. 4 and 5. 



