THE PEOPLING OF THE PHILIPPINES. 525 



apparently otherwise. Here exist, so far as known, crroat areas 

 entirely free from deformation; small ones, on tlie other hand, fiUl 

 of it. There are here, also, deformation centers, l)ut only a few. 

 Among these, with our present knowledge, the Philippines occupy the 

 first place. 



The knowledge of this, indeed, is not of long duration. Pul)lic 

 attention was first aroused ahout thirty years ago concerning skulls 

 from Samar and Luzon, gathered ))y F. Jagor from ancient caves, to 

 furnish the proof of their deformation. Up to that time next to 

 nothing was known of deformed crania in the oriental isljuid world. 

 First through my publication ^ the attention of J. G. Kiodel, a most 

 observant Dutch resident, was called to the fact that cranial deforma- 

 tion is still practiced in the Celebes, and he was so good as to .send us 

 a specimen of the compressing apparatus for delicate infants (1874).^ 

 Compressed crania were also found. But the number was small and 

 the compre.ssion of the separate specimens was only .slight. In l)oth 

 respects what was observed in the Sunda islands did not dificr from 

 the state of the case in the Philippines. Through Jagor's collections 

 different places had become known where deformed crania were 

 buried. Since then the number of localities has nudtipliod. I shall 

 mention only two, on account of their peculiar locality. One is Cagra- 

 ray, a small island east of Luzon, in the Pacific Ocean, at the entrance 

 of the Bay of Albay ;^ the other, the island of Marindu<iue, in the west, 

 between Luzon and Mindoro. From the last-named island I .saw, ten 

 years ago, the first picture of one in a photograph album accidentally 

 placed in my hands. Since then I had opportunity to examine the 

 Schadenberg collection of crania, lately come into the possession of the 

 Reichsmuseum, in Leyden, and to my great delight discovered in it a 

 series of skulls which are compressed in exactly the same fashion as 

 those of Lanang. It is said that these will soon be described in a 

 publication. 



It is of especial interest that this method has ])een noted in the 

 Philippines for more than three hundred years. In my first pul)liiati()n 

 I cited a passage in Thevenot where he says, on the testimony of a 

 priest, that the natives on .some islands had the custom of compressing 

 the head of a newborn child between two boards, .so that it woukl be 

 no longer round, but lengthened out; also they flattened the forehi-ad, 

 which they looked upon as a special mark of beauty. This is, there- 

 fore, an ancient example. It is confirmed by the circumstance that 

 these crania are found especially in caves, from the roofs of which 

 mineral waters have dripped, which have overlaid the bones partly 



1 Zeitschr. fiir Ethnologie, 1870, Vol. II, p. 151. 



•' The same, III, p. 110, PI. V, lig. 1; Verhandl. .\nthrop. Ges., Vol. VI, p. 215; \ ol. 

 VII, p. 11; Vol. VIII, p. 09; Vol. IX, p. 270. 



3 Verhandl. der Berliner Anthrop. Gesellsch., 1879, Vol. XI, p. 422, 1889, V ol. XXI, 

 p. 49. 



