e 



NATIVE TRIBES OF THE PHILIPPINES. 535 



islands. Pere Fr. Juan de San Antonio has preached in Calainia.M, 

 and composed in it a catechism. The existence of the Calamiano lan- 

 guage should therefore be unassailable, but A. Marche has declared 

 that it does not exist. 



Calauas (pronounced Calawas).— A Mala,y people, heathen and peace- 

 able. They live near Malauec, in the valleys of the Rio ("lii,-o d. 

 Cagayan (Luzon), and on the strip of land called Partido dc Itaves. 

 Their language is called Itaves also, but others declare th(Mr speech 

 to be ide^ntical with the Malauec. The portion of the Calauas u ho hold 

 the Itaves land are by some authors called Itaveses. I am not sure 

 whether there ma}^ not have been a misunderstanding here. 



Calihugmies. — So are called in western Mindanao the mixtures of 

 Moros and Subaijos. 



Calmyas.—{1) In northern Luzon, Calinga is the collective desig- 

 nation for "wild" natives, independent heathen, as, in northwestern 

 Luzon, the word Igorrote is applied. (2) This term is specially 

 attached (a) to that warlike people of Malay descent who live l)etween 

 Rio Cagayan Grande and Rio Abulug, and are marked by their Mon- 

 goloid type; (b) according to Semper, also the Irayas. [See Die 

 Calingas, b}^ Blumentritt, in Das Ausland, 1891, No. 17, pp. 828-881.] 



Camucones^ Camocones. — Name of the Moro pirates who inhal)it 

 the little islands of the Sulu group east of Tawi-tawi, and the islands 

 between these and Borneo; but on the last the name Tiroues is also 

 conferred. 



Ccmcanai., Cancanay. — Igorrote dialect spoken in the northwest of 

 Benguet. 



Caragas. — In older works are so named the warlike and Christian 

 inhabitants of the localities subdued by the Spaniards on tiie east coast 

 of Mindanao, and, indeed, after their principal city, Caraga. It has 

 been called, if not a peculiar language, a Visaya dialect, whih- mow 

 only Visaya (near Manobo and Mandaya) is spoken, and an esjx'cial 

 Caraga nation is no longer known. 1 explain this as follows: Already 

 at that time newly arrived Manobos and Mandayas were settled who 

 spoke Visaya only imperfectly. This Visaya nuiddleand the mixture 

 of Visayas and newcomers are to be identitied with the Caiaga. if in 

 the end, under the first, the Mandaya is not to ho diicctly iMul(>rstood. 



Variants: Caraganesf, Calaganes (to be distinguished from Cala- 

 ganes of Davao), Caraguenos (now the name of the inhaltitaiits of 

 Daraga la Nueva and Caraga). 



Caroldnos. — Diaz Arenas so designates the heathen and wild natives 

 who inhabit the mountain lands of Negros. especially the Cordillera, 

 of Cauyau. They appear to be of Malay stock, transplanted Igor- 

 rotes from Negros. Practically nothing is known concerning them. 

 Compare Buquitnon. 



Ca8tilas.—^2it\\e name for Spaniards and other Europeans in the 



Philippine Islands. 



