AXD THEin CULTURE. 171 



with papillose edges), hooded, thick, and puberulous at the apex; 

 filaments, 8 to 10 lines long, twice the length of the anthers ; pollen, 

 red; ovar3'', 5 or G lines long, shorter than the very curved style by 

 one-third ; capsule, turbinate, acute-angled, umbilicated at the apex. 

 Central and Southern Europe, to Siberia and Japan, flowering in our 

 gardens at the end of June and beginning of July. For the forms 

 of this species, see Parkinson, Parad., 31. 



L. Ilirsuttnn, Miller, Diet., No. 10 {Millcri, Schultes, Obs., 67), is 

 a stout form with a puberulous stem. 



L. Glahrum,* Spreng, Syst., ii., 62, is a form with white flowers, a 

 smooth stem, shining green leaves, and yellow pollen. There are 

 also forms with claret and flesh-coloured undotted flowers. 



Var. L. Gattanece, Visiani, Fl. Dalm., Suppl, 32, t. 3, — Segments 

 of the perianth, thicker than in any other species, of a dark purplish- 

 claret colour ; dots, nearly obsolete. Dalmatia, Hort., Leichtlin. — 



L. Martlcnm Dnlmaticum, Malay, is a similar form, or the same. 



It is the commonest wild European species, stretching from S]3ain 

 and France through all Central and Southeim Europe, and in Asia 

 far into Siberia, but in the extreme East and Japan, appearing to be 

 entirely replaced by Ilansoni, which is confused with it in Ledebour's 

 " Flora Eossica.^^ It is the old original Turk's-cap Lily of the 

 gardens, and is mentioned in Gerarde's list of the plants cultivated in 

 1590, but it has now given way to a large extent, as a popular 

 favourite, to its allies with brighter coloured flowers. It is a very well- 

 marked plant, not likely to be confounded with any other species, and, 

 though so widely spread, it is very little liable to variation in its 

 characters. L. Martugon is quite different from all other Lilies in the 

 colour of its flowers. 



I have seen a single specimen gathered by Bourgeau, in Piedmont,, 

 in which the whorls were entirely broken up, and the leaves scattered 

 indiscriminately down the stem. 



Th.e Martafjon group, .stand alone in their peculiarities ; tliey are remarkable for their 

 whorls of broad dark-pointed foliage, for the ])eculiar mode in which the flower spike 

 ascends, bearing a nodding, coini)act raceme of flower buds, hanging downward, which 

 as the spike elongates, graduallj- unfold, and turn upwards one by one, till the branching 

 spike, is spunietrically upiight. (1 liave never seen this peculiarity in any other group ; 

 but it is the normal, proceeding in the true Martcvjon). Lastly in the short, but very 

 thick fleshy petals of the perianth. 



Of the above named forms, Album is perhaps the most elegant and graceful ; but 

 Dalnuitkum, the grandest and most superb : tlie stems of this exceedingly gi'aceful 

 plant rise with 5 to 7 whorls of broad pointed foliage, to a height of 6 to S feet, bearing 

 a long s}-mmetrical spike of from 20 to 40 t!owei>, varying from a light purple to a deep 

 blood-red ; .sometimes spotted, sometimes unspotted. 



36. L. Avenaceum. — Fischer, Maxim, in Tiegel., Gartenfl., 186-5, 

 290, t. 485.— J/aWa^o/i, Led., Fl. Ross., iv., 149, ex parte.— Bulb 

 (see page 108), globose, small, perennial; scales, numerous, lance- 

 shaped ; stem, smooth, terete, 18 inches to 2 feet high ; leaves, 



* The well-known, very graceful, Martagon Album. 



