80 THE FIG: ITS HISTORY, CULTURE, AND CURING. 
this they differed from the second, or mammoni, which mature on the 
wood of the same year. 
The second crop (the mammoni) began to set in June and became 
mature in August. It appeared as buttons on the green wood and 
matured while this wood was yet green. It was the only crop which 
did not pass the winter. The purpose of the second crop is to furnish 
wasps for the third crop (or mamme), which passes the winter on the 
trees, and to furnish seeds. 
To recapitulate, we find that the first crop (or profichi) passes the 
winter as very minute buttons on the old wood and matures the fol- 
lowing summer. The second crop (or mammoni) begins and matures 
the same season, and passes its entire existence during the sum- 
mer. The third crop (or the mamme) passes the winter as large figs 
(hence the name), fully developed or almost fully developed, and its figs 
are the first of the caprifigs to mature in the spring. The third and first 
crops are thus both found on the old wood. The second crop alone 
begins and matures on the green wood. 
A perfect caprifig tree must possess an overlapping of crops. If any 
crop should fail, it would be fatal to the wasps living in the figs, unless 
they had figs in other trees in which to breed. 
In the best Smyrna varieties the various crops of the caprifig are 
confined to distinct trees, which again have received distinet names. 
The trees which bear the winter crop, boghadhes, are known as “‘ orgi- 
nos boghadhes,” while those trees which bear the spring crop, or ash- 
madhes, are known as ‘‘orginos ashmadhes.”’ 
The winter crop, or the orginos boghadhes, seldom contains any male 
flowers and pollen. This tree may, however, have an earlier crop 
which bears male flowers. 
The orginos ashmadhes, again, which produce the figs used for eap- 
rification, which crop is the first crop, or the ashmadhes, do, as a 
rule, never possess any other crop. It will therefore be seen that in 
order to possess a complete succession of crops of the caprifig we must 
either cultivate varieties which bear several crops on the same tree, or, 
if we grow the Smyrna ‘‘ orginos,” we must have both the boghadhes and 
the ashmadhestrees. The former breed the first crop of blastophagas; 
the ashmadhes again breed the second crop of blastophagas from eggs 
laid by the wasps hatching from the boghadhes. 
As the boghadhes or winter crop and the ashmadnes or spring crop 
inSmyrnaare often produced on different trees, it will be seen that either 
we must have both of these trees in the same orchard, or we must 
caprificate the trees bearing only one crop. The latter plan is adopted 
in Smyrna, where only orginos ashmadhes are cultivated. The reason 
of this is that comparatively few boghadhes or mamme are required 
for the caprification of the ashmadhes or profichi, while an enormous 
quantity of ashmadhes is necessary for the caprification of the edible 
figs. It is easier to bring in the few boghadhes required from the 
ta) ets Val 
