82 Peach-Groming 



in the compass, and the two arms of the "head^' taking the 

 place of the 90° turn of the compass. While the distance 

 which can be sighted with this arrangement may be limited, 

 it can be moved from place to place, and readjusted quickly. 



However, the more common way of laying out a field 

 on the square system is as follows : A base line is run on one 

 side of the field. This may well be the line of the first row 

 of trees on that side. A stake several feet in length is driven 

 into the ground at each end of the line. About midway 

 between them a third stake is placed in line by sighting over 

 the two end stakes. If the row is very long or the land un- 

 even, it may be advisable to place several stakes at inter- 

 vals between the two end ones. Then in line with this row 

 of stakes the distances between the trees are measured off 

 and a small stake driven down to mark the spot where each 

 tree is to stand. Four men working together can do this 

 part of the work advantageously. Two members of this 

 crew carry the measuring rod, chain, or tape on which is 

 marked the distance between trees ; a third aligns the chain- 

 men by sighting over the tall stakes previously set, while 

 the fourth carries the supply of small stakes and drives them 

 into the ground at the proper places as indicated by the head 

 chainman. 



Then, in turn, border rows are staked out in the same 

 manner, running at right angles to the base row first located, 

 and finally a fourth row parallel to the first one and on the 

 opposite side of the field is staked out. If the field is irregu- 

 lar in shape, a square or rectangular block is staked out in 

 the manner described and the irregular corners and sections 

 filled in later. 



If the field is very large, it may be best to stake in several 

 cross rows, with the tall stakes as described in locating the 



