Inter-Planted Crops 145 



done ten weeks before the ground freezes. Relatively later 

 seeding, however, is practicable, fairly good success being 

 reported from sections as far north as central New York 

 when seeded the first of November. As a rule, however, 

 seeding for orchard purposes as late in the season as this is 

 rarely necessary or desirable. 



As noted elsewhere, rye is frequently used in orchards 

 when mixed with various legumes. 



Oats, 



Oats are not extensively used in orchards though some- 

 times made to serve in place of rye, either in the South 

 where the mildness of winter makes it possible for them to 

 continue growth late in the season; or, if in the North, 

 where the growth that is made during the fall serves the 

 desired purpose. Oats do not survive the winters of the 

 North. Late summer or early fall seeding is satisfactory, 

 depending on the region, about 2 or 2| bushels of seed to 

 the acre being required. 



Buckwheat. 



Next to rye, buckwheat is probably used in orchard 

 practice more than any other non-leguminous crop. It 

 is killed by the first frosts but it grows rapidly, seeded in 

 midsummer when tillage ceases for the season, and it leaves 

 the soil in good condition when the herbage becomes in- 

 corporated in it. The seed is usually broadcasted, | bushel 

 to a bushel to the acre being used. 



Rape, cowhorn turnips. 



Both of these crops are frequently used for the supplying 

 of humus in orchard soils. The seed is put in broadcast in 



