VI.] CULTIVATION. 



treat him very gently, as if he had heen doing 

 every thing that was right. By these means a 

 young ox is broken to his labour in the course of 

 a few days ; and when that is once done, it is 

 done for all the working part of his life. Rich 

 pasture will not make him restive, as high feeding 

 does a horse. With gentle treatment he is al- 

 ways of the same temper, is always of the same 

 aptitude to labour : he is stronger with good feed 

 than with bad; but no feed makes him unwilling 

 to perform what you want him to perform. In 

 conclusion, there is a question which is best, 

 collars or yokes ? in some respects one is, and in 

 some respects the other ; especially if you want 

 an ox to go in shafts, to which the yoke cannot 

 be easily applied. The collar, however, is not 

 the natural thing for the ox, whose seats of 

 strength are his neck and his horns, and not his 

 shoulders. In America 3^okes are universal, and 

 yokes prevail in Sussex. They are the least 

 expensive, but if yokes be used with carts or 

 wagons, there must be poles and not shafts ; for 

 the yoke is for two oxen and not for one. Mr. 

 TuLL used a bull with a single yoke, a description 

 of which is given in my *^ Yea7^'s Residence in 

 America,'' one of which I had there, and used it as 

 long as I remained there; and such a yoke might 

 be useful to some persons who persist in the nar- 



