106 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



Common Chabactees. Adults with whole plumage pure white, the head often stained 

 ■with rusty; bill either entirely black, or black and yellow; iris dark brown; feet blackish. 

 Young ashy, sometimes tinged with brownish, the bill flesh-color (or at least partly of this 

 color) and feot grayish or whitish. 



1. 0. oolumbianus. Tail-feathers usually 20; bill not longer than the head, the anterior 



end of the nosti-ils considerably anterior to the middle of the maxilla; naked loral 

 skin usually with a yellowish oblong spot. 



2. 0. buccinator. Tail-feathers usually 24 : bill longer than the head, the anterior end of 



the nostrils reaching to about the middle of the maxilla; naked loral skin entirely 

 black. Size considerably larger. 



They are both found, at one time or another, eutiielj' across 

 the continent, though O. buce/ntitor is rare on the Atlantic coast. 



Olor buccinator (Ricli.) 



TBUMPETEE SWAN. 



Cygnus haccinator Rich. F. B.-A. ii, 1831. 464 (Hudson Bay).— Nutt. Man. ii. 1834, 370.— 



AUD. Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, •'aG: v. 1839.114, ijIs. 40(1. 37G; Synop. 1833, 74; B. Am. \\. 1843, 



21fl, pi. :382, 383.— Baibd, B. N. Am. 1858. 758; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859. No. 562.— CouES. 



Key, 1872, 281 ; Check List. 1873. No. 476: 2d ed. 1882, No. 688; Birds N. W. 1874,544.— 



ElDGW. Orn. 40th Par. 1877, 619. 

 Olor hnccinatnr Wagl. Isis, 1732, 123-1.— RiDGW. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, No. 589; Man. X. 



Am. B. 1887. 120; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii, 1882. 216. — B. B. & K. Water B. N. Am. i 



1884. 430.-A. O. U. Cheek List, 1886, No, 181. 

 Cygnuspasmorei'HiflC'KS.Vroi^.hinn. Soe.viii. 1864.1 (Toronto):?. Z. S. 1868,211.— MooBE. 



P. Z. S. 1867, 8 (critical). 



Hab. Chiefly the interior of North America, from the Gulf coast to thu Fur Countries, 

 breeding from Iowa and Dakota northward; west to the Pacillo coast, but rare or casual on 

 the Atlantic. Accidental in England. 



Sp. Chab. Tail usually of 24 feathers; bill lunger than the hra.l. Adult: Plumage 

 entirely pure ^vhitc, the head, sometimes the neck also, or even the entire lower parts, 

 tinged with rusty. Bill, naked lores, legs, and feet, uniform deep bl.aek, the "outer lamel- 

 late edges of the lower mandible and the inside of the mouth flesh- color," (Audubon); 

 iris brown. Voung: "In the winter the young has the bill black, with the middle portion 

 of the ridge, to the length of an inch and a half, light flcsh-color, .ind a large elongated 

 patch of light dull pui-ple on each side ; the edge of the lower mandible and the tongue 

 dull yellowish flesh-color. The eye is dark brown. The feet are dull yellowish brown, 

 tinged with olive; the claws brownish black, the webs blackish brown. The upper part 

 of the head and the cheeks are light reddish brown, each feather having toward its ex- 

 tremity a small oblong whitish spot, narrowly margined with dusky : the throat nearly 

 white, as well as the edge of the lower eyelid. The general color of the upper parts is 

 grayish white, slightly tingcil with yellow ; the upper part of the neck marked with spots 

 similar to those on the head." (Audubon.) 



Total length, about .18.50 to 68.00 inches ; extent, about 8.00 to nearly 10.00 feet : wing, 

 21.00-27.25 inches ; oulmon (from frontal feathers) 4.34-4.70; tarsus, 4.54-4,!»2; middle toe 

 6.00H5.50 : weight, of adults, aboiit 28 to nearly 40 lbs. 



The arrangement of the trachea in this species is very different U'om that in 0. 

 coltimbianun, in having, besides the horizontal bend, a vertical flexure, occupying a 

 prominent protuberance on the anterior portion of the dorsal aspect of the sternum. 



The Trumpeter Swan is chiefl.v m ti-aiisieut visitor to Illi- 

 nois, but undoubtedly once bred within the State, since it 



