ANATID.E— THE SWANS, fiEESE, ANll DUCKS. 14i 



According; to Professor Cooke,* the Gadwell "winters abnn- 

 dantl.y in the (lulf States and sometimes in Illinois in mild win- 

 ters; it is also known to winter near a warm spring- in Wyo- 

 mino;. it breeds locally throuo'hont most of its ran<?e." 



SuuGENUs Mareca Stephens. 



Marera STEPHENS. Shaw's Gen. Zool.xii. pt. ii, 1824, 130. Typo, Anns penehipe Linn. 



SuBGEN. Chab. Bill small, shorter than tho head, rather narrow, the rdges parallel to 

 near the eml, where they gradually convereo to a rounded tip; culmen gently concave; 

 lamellip ot the maxill.-e almost concealed; feet small, the tarsus about as long as the hill. 

 Adult male in winter with the scapulars and tertials (in the North American species tho 

 tail-coverts and rcctrioes also) lanceolate. 



The two North American species of the subgenus Marica may 

 be distinguished as follows: 



CotMON Characters (adult males in winter dress). Forehead white; posterior half 

 of the middle wing-covert region white, forming a largo patch of this color; abdo- 

 men immaculate white: speculum velvety black, wither without green. 



1 . A. penelope. Head and neck plain rufous, the forehead and part of the crown white ; 

 ground-color of the dorsal region, sides, and Hanks, whitish. 



2. A. americana. Head and neck whitish, speckled with black, and with a dark metal- 

 lic-gieen space on the side of the occiput (sometimes continued down the nape); 

 crouud-color of the dorsal region, sides, and flanks, vin.ix^eous or pinkish cinna- 

 mon. 



Anas penelope Linn. 



WIDGEON. 



Popular synonyms. Europeon Widgeon: lled-headed Widgeon. 



Anna iienelope LiNN. 8, N. cd. 10. i, 17r.8. 12li: od. 12. i, Hfifi, 202. — Naum. Vog. 



Doutschl. xi, 1842.721. pi. 30.x— Reinh. Ibis, iii, 1881, 12 (Greenland).— A. O. D. Check 



List, 188B. No. 13«.— BiDOW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887. Iifi. 

 Mareca peneloiie Belby. Br. Orn. ii. 321.— Baird, B. N. Am. 1858. 78^ : Cat. N. Am. B. IS-Mi, 



No, 586.— CouEB.Proc, Essex Inst. v,18(»,2'.i9 (New England): Key. 1872, 268; Check List. 



187.'!. No. 492; 2d ed. 1882, No. 712; B. N. W. 1874, Sfil (foot-note).— RiDow. Nom. N. 



Am. B. 1881, No. 60C.-B. B. & U. Water B. N. Am. i, 1881,517. 

 Anas ragoica 8. G. Omel. Reise i. 177». 77. 



Marera ftntularis Stephens. Shaw's Gon. Zool. xll. pt. il. 1821, 131, pL 50. 

 Witieon, Yabb. Brit. B. ed.2,iii.2»;; ed.S.iil. 287. flg. 



Hab, Northern hemisphere In general, but less uniformly distributed in North Amer- 

 ica, where, however, occurring not uncommonly in Now York, Pennsylvania, Maryland. 

 Virginia, North f'arolina. Floriila. Illinois, Wisconsin, California, etc.: breeding in the 

 Aleutian Islamls, Alaska. 



• liirU Migration m the Missinfipiii VaUeu, v.Kt. 



