ANATID.E— THE SWANS, GEESE, AND DUCKS. 165 



pale slaty. Adult female: Crown and nape dull dark brown, booomlng gradually liehtor 

 below; rest of the head paler and grayer, the anterior half of the lores, the chin, thioat, and 

 'oreneck nearly or quite white: chest, sides, and flanks, deep fulvous or raw-umber brown; 

 breast and abdomen white ; anal region d uU brown, longer feathers of tho crissum whitish ; 

 wings as in tho male; remaining upper parts dull dark brown, tho feathers of the back nar- 

 nowly tipped with fulvous. Bands on the bill narrower and loss distinct than in the male; 

 Iris yellow: feet slaty. 



Total length, about 16 to 18 Inches: extent, 24-27; cuhnen, 1.75-2.00; tarsus, 1.30-145; 

 middle toe, 2.00-2,15. 



Sownu young: Above, grayish umber-brown, relieved by seven spots of light buff, as 

 follows: A small and inconspicuous spot in the middle of the back, between, and a little 

 anterior to, tho wings; a largo patch on each side the back: another on each side 

 the rump, at the ba.'ie of the tail: and a bar across the posterior border of each wing. 

 Crown, occiput, and nape crossed longitudinally by a wide stripe of deep grayish umber: a 

 roundish isolated spot of light grayish brown directly over the ears: remainder of the head, 

 including the forehead, and lower parts generally, Ught dingy buff, the flanks crossed by a 

 brown transverse stripe from the rump to the tibia. Side of the head without any longi- 

 tudinal stripes. 



The chief variation in the phimage of this species consists in 

 the di.stinctness of the chestnut collar in the male. In some ex- 

 amples this is scarcely more conspicuous than in A. affinis, being 

 dull brown instead of reddish : but usually the color is a well- 

 defined chestnut, particularly in front. 



The female of this species resembles very closely in coloration 

 that of the Red-head {A. fnuericana), but may be readily dis- 

 tinguished by the very different proportions, the average 

 measurements of the two being about as follows: 



A. amerioana, WingS-W, culmen l.iiO, greatest width of bill .85, least width .!!>, tarsus l.ilO, 

 middle too 2.30. 



A coUaris. Wing 7..50, culraon 1.80, greatest widlh of liill .s.",, least width .65, tarsus l.:i5, 

 middle toe 2.00. 



There is very little in the habits of this species to distinguish 

 it from the other "black-heads." Like them, it usually asso- 

 ciates in small flocks, and its flesh i.s-e.\cellent, being fat, tender, 

 and juicy. It often passes the winter in the southern portions 

 of Illinois. 



Grnijs GLAUCIONETTA SiKJNEcir^n. 



Clangula Flem. Phllos. Jour. 11, 1822. 2ii«. Type, Amm rinngula LiNN. (.V«<- LEAcn, ISl'.i.l 

 Ulaucion Kaup, Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, ra. Same typo. L\ee Oken 1810.1 

 Olancionettn Ste-in. Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh. viii, Soiit. 14, 18*;, 409, Same typo. 



Gen. Char. Bill much shorter than tho head, deep through the base, the lateral out- 

 lines converging toward tho tip, whl<di Ih rather pointed than rounded: lamnllH- completely 

 hidden by tho overhanging edge of the maxilla; nostrils situated about midway between 



