174 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



Claugula hyemalis (Linn.) 



OLD SQUAW. 

 Popular sjmonyms. Old Wife: South Southerly; Long-tailed Duck; Caea-wee (Canada) : 

 Swallow-tailed Duck; Hound (Newfoundland): Old Injun (Massachusetts and Con- 

 necticut); 01(1 Molly; Old Billy :Coweon or Cowheen (Ontario); Scolder or Scoldenore 

 "(New Hampshire and Massachusetts). 

 Anas hyemalis LiNN. S. N. ed. 10, i, 1758, 12(i; ed. 12, i, 176(i. 202. 

 Anas liiemalis Bkiinn. Orn. Bor. 1764, 17. 

 llarelda hvemalis B. B. & E. Water B. N. Am. ii, 1884, 57. 

 Clangula /itemaits Beehm. Handb. Vog. Deutsehl. 1831, 933. 



Clangula hyemalis A. O. U. Check List, 18815, No. 154.— Eidgw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887. lOU. 

 Anas glacialis Linn. S. N. ed. 12, i, 1766, 203.— WrLS. Am. Orn. viii, 1814. 03, 96, pi. 70. 

 Barelda glacialis "Leach," Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. xii, pt. ii.1824.175.pl. 58.— Sw. 

 & EiCH. F. B.-A. ii. 1831. 4G0.-Baikd. B. N. Am. 1858. 800; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859. No. 597.— 

 CouES, Key, 1872, 291 ; Check List, 18A No. 508; 2d ed. 1882, No. 728; B. N. W. 1874. 579.— 

 RlDOW. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, No. 62:1 

 Fuligiila (.Haretda) glacialis NuTT. Man. ii, 1834, 453. 



Fuiigula glacialis AuD. Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 403, pi. 312; Synop. 1889, 295; B. Am. vi, 1&43. 

 379, pi. 410. 

 Anas miclonia Bodd. Tabl P. E. 178.3. 58. 



Anas longicauda Leach, Syst. Cat. Mam. and Birds Brit. Mus. 1810, 37. 

 Anas brachyrhynchof Beseee. Yog. Kurl. 1792. 50. 

 I-latvpus faheri Bkehm, Lerb. Eur. Vog. ii, 1824, 1004. 

 Clangula faberi. megauros. musica, bracliyrhynchos Brbhm, V. D. 1831, 935, 936, 9S7, 938. 



Hab. Northern hemisphere ; in America, south in winter to nearly the southern bor- 

 der of the United States. 



8p. Char. Adnlt male in u^inter: Forehead, crown, occiput, nape, chin, throat, 

 lower part of the neck (all round), and upper part of the chest and back, white; lores, 

 cheeks, and orbital region light mouse-gray, the eyelids white; a large oblong space cover- 

 ing the sides of the neck, black, becoming light grayish brown in its lower portion. Middle 

 of the back, rump, upper tail-coverts, tail, wings, lower part of the ohest. whole breast, and 

 >ipper part of the abdomen, black; the pectoral area very abruptly defined both anteriorly 

 aud posteriorly— the latter with a strongly convex outline. Scapulars glaucous-white or 

 very pale pearl-gray; posterior lower parts white, the sides strongly shaded with pearl- 

 gray. Basal half of the bill black, the terminal portion orango-yellow or pinkish, with the 

 nail bluish gray : iris bright carmine; feet light plumbeous, the webs dusky, and claws 

 black. "The outer half of the bill rich orango-yoUow, that color extending to the base 

 along the ridge, the unguis and the basal half black, as well as the unguis and edges of the 

 lower mandible" (Audubon), Adult male, in sumnier: Lores, cheeks, and sides of the 

 forehead, pale mouse-gray ; eyeUd^. and a postoeular longitudinal space, white ; rest of the 

 head, whole neck, aud upper parts generally sooty-black; upper part of the back more or 

 less variegated with fulvous; scapulars widely edged with the same, varying on some 

 feathers to ochraceous and pale puff. Breast and upper part of the abdomen dark sooty- 

 grayish, abruptly defined behind with a semicircular outline, as in the winter plumage; re- 

 maining lower parts white, shaded on the sides with pali> pearl-gray. Bill black, crossed, 

 in front of the nostrils, by a wide band of orange; iris yellowish brown; feet bluish black. 

 the joints and under surface of the webs black. Adnlt female, in winter: Head, neck, 

 and lower parts, chielly white; forehead, medially, and crown, dusky; auricular region, 

 chin, and throal, tinged with the same; chest light dingy gray. Upper parts dusky brown, 

 the scapulars bordered with grayish fulvous or light raw-uraber brown, some of the 

 leathers tipped with pale ashy. Adult female, in summer: Head and nock dark payish 

 brown, with a largo space surrounding the eye, and another on the siile of the neck, gray- 

 ish white; upper parts as in the winter plumage, but upper part of the back variegated 



