196 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



B. Lower jaw wholly naked. Tail-feathers 22. (Subeenus Leptopelicanus.) 



2. P. fasous. Prevailing color dusky, the upper parts silvery-striped in adults, grayish 

 brown in the young : bill dull grayish, or purplish brown, stained with red toward end 

 (inbreeding season); pouch greenish brown, grayish, or dusky. Wing, 19.00-21.00 

 inches; culmen, 9.40-12.20. 



Pelecanus erytlirorhyiichos Gmel. 



AMEKICAN WHITE PELICAN. 

 Popular synonym. Bough -billed Pelican. 

 Pelecanus ervthrorht/nchos Gmel. S. N. i, pt. ii, 1788, 571.— Baied, B. N. .\m. 1858, 868; Cat. 



N. Am. B. 1S59, No. 615.— Elliot, P. Z. S. 1869,588 (monograph c).—EiDOW. Orn. 4Uth 



Par. 1877,627 (habits, e'C); Nom. N. Am. B. 1881,640; Man N. Am. B. 1887,82.— B. B. &. 



B. Water B. N. Am. ii, 1884,131.— A. O. U. Cheek List. 1886. No. 125. 

 Pelecamis Irachyrhy chns'-'L^TR. Ind. Orn. ii, 1790,884.— CouES, Key 1872,300; Check List, 



1873. No. 526; 2.1 ed. 1882, No. 748; B. N.W. 1874,586.— Bendiee, Proe. Bost. Soc. N. H. 



1877, 146 (habits, nest and eggs, etc.) 

 Pelecnnvs onocrolalus ("a variety") FoBST. Philos. Trans. Ixii, 1772. 419. 

 Pelecanus onocrolalus Bonap. Synop. 1828, 400 (nee Linn.).— Sw. & Rich. F. B.-A. ii, 



1831, 472.— "> UTT. Man. ii. 1834, 471. 

 Pelecanus Ihaaus Steph. Gen Zool. xiil, 1826. 117 (Mexico; nee Molina). 

 Pelecanus hernandezii Wagl. Isis, 1832, 123:* (Mexico). 

 Pelecanus awericanus AuD. Orn, Biog. Iv, 1838. 88. pi. 311; Synop. 1839. 309. B. Am. vii, 1844, 



20, pi. 422. 

 Pelecanus occipitalis BiDGW. Am. Sportsman, iv, 1874, 297 <N 5 vaila). 



Hab. The whole of North America, norih in the interior to about 61°, south to Mexico 

 and Central America in winter; now rare or accidental along the Atlantic coast north of 

 Florida. 



8p. Char. Tail-feathers 24; malar region completely feathered; color chiefly white; 

 bill, pouch, and feet yellowish or reddish. Adult, nuptial plumage: Culmen with a narrow 

 median horny excresence, situated a little anterior to the middle, the upper outline 

 more or less convex, its fibres obliquely vertical, its size and exact shape variable. 

 Plumage white, someiimes tinged with pale pinkish, the narrow le-ser wing-coverts and 

 jugular plumes straw-yellow or (rarely?) purplish buff; primaries dull bla k, their shafts 

 white toward the base; secondaries dusky, both webs edged with grayish white. U.per 

 part of the napo with a pendent crest of long, narrow, silky tea' hers of a pure white or 

 delicate straw-color. Bill chiefly orange, paler on the culmen. the nails and edges of the 

 maxilla and mandible more roildish; mnndible deeper red than the maxilla, growing al- 

 most brick-red basally; pouch dirty whitish anteriorly, where sufi'used with blackish, 

 passing su'cesively through yellow and orange into intensedragon's-blood-red, or brick- 

 red, at the base ; lower edge of the mandible sometimes blackish, and side ot the mandible 

 sometimes marked, nearly opposite the maxillary crest, with a somewhat qiiairate black 

 spot: baie skin of the lores and oibital region rich orange- yellow; eyelids dark reddish; 

 iris pearl-white'; legs and feet intense orange-red. Adult. post nuptial phimaoe (=/'. oc- 

 cipitalis Bidgw.): Similar to the above, but maxillary excrescence wantinsr ihaving been 

 casti, and the nuchal crest replaced by a patch of brownish gray. Adult in/atlandu:iuter: 

 Similar to the last, but no grayish patch on the oooiput (crest also absent), the bill and feet 

 clear yellow. Young: Similar to the winter adult, but lesser wing-coveits biowuish gray 

 centrally, pileum similarly marked; jugular feathers short and bi oad, and pure white, like 

 the other feathers ot the lower surface; bill, pouch, and feet pale yellow. 



Total length about 53.60-411.00 inches; extent. 7.50-9.00 feet; wing. 22.2.i-25.25 Inches ; cul- 

 men, 11.30-15.00; tarsus, 4.30-4.65; middle toe. 3.70-l.'.B.» Weight of adult, about 17 pounds. 



■The Iris is said to be sometimes hazel. 



•The average of a series ot eight adult examples is as follows: Wing. 23.55 inches; cul- 

 men. 12.62; tarsus. 4.50; middle toe. S.98L 



