LARID^— THE GULLS AND TERNS. 233 



Srray. passlDg terminally into white, and without a trace of black. Bill greenish yellow, 

 crossed near the end by a blackish band, the tip sometimes tinged with orange; rictus and 

 eyelids vermilion-red: interior of mouth rich oranee red, more Intense posteiiorly; iris 

 clear pale yellow, sometimes tinged with greenish; claws black.' Adult, in winter: Sim- 

 ilar, but the headaud n-ck, except beneath, stn-aked w.th brownish gay. Youna. first 

 plumage: Above, brownish dusky, the feathers bordere I with pa'e grayish buff; primaries 

 blick eh dusky, the inner quills bluish gray basally, and tipped with white; secondaries 

 bluish gray on basal half, du-ky black terminally where edged with white; basal two thirds 

 of the tail pale gray, more whitish baally, mottled with deeper grayish: terminal third 

 dusky bla<.k, nairowly tipped with white. Lower parts white, spotted laterally with gray- 

 ish briwn. "Bill black, base of lower mandible and edges of the uppe ■■, toward the base, 

 livid flesh-color; edges of eyelids livid blue; iris hazel; feet purplish gray, claws brownish 

 black" (Audubon). 



Length, about 18.<'0-20.00 inches; wing. 13.60-15.75 (average, 14.45); eulmen, 1.55-1.75 (1.64); 

 depth of bill through angle. .50-.65 (.56); tarsus, 1.9l)-2.45 (2.14); middle toe. 1.30-1.(/0 (1.46). 

 [Sixteen adults.] 



Like the Herring Gull (Z. argentatus smitksonianus), this is a 

 common .species throughout eastern North America, the north- 

 ern borcJer of the United States being, approximately, the 

 southern limit of its summer home, and the northern limit of 

 its winter range. Its habits are essentially like those of its 

 larger relative. 



Larus atricilla Linn. 



LAUGHINO GTTLL. 



PoptUar gynomTms. Black-headed Oull; Apipisca grande de alas largas (Mexico); 



Gavlota (Mf xico). 

 Larus atricilla LlNJJ. 8. N. ed. 10, ), 175S, ISfl; ed. 12, I, 1766, 225 (based on Larus major 



Catesb. i, 89, but also Includes the European specii;8, L. ridihundus Li.nn.).— Nutt. 



Man. il, 1831, 291.-AUD. Orn. Biog. Iv. IKS'*. 118. pi. 314; Synop. 18:K>. 321; B. Am. vii. 



1814. 136. pi. 443.— CouES, Key, 1872.315; Check List. 1873. No. 5.51.— Saundebs. P. Z. S. 



18T8. 194.— UiDGW. Nom. N. Am. B. I8>I. No. 67.t; Man. N. Am. B. 18S7,35.— B. B. &B. 



Water B N. Am. ii, 1»8I, 254.— A. 0. U. Check List. 1886, No 58. 

 Laru.i {Cliroicoceoltalu^ atricilla BnucH. J. f. O. 1S5,H. lOil.— CouES, B. N. W. 1874, 650. 

 ChroicncPiihahis atricilla Lawb. in B ird's B. N. Am. lS.->8. SoO.-Baibd, Cit N. Am. B. 



1859. No. 667.— CouES. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phlla. 18'12. 310; 2d Chejk List, 1882, No. 786. 

 Larus riditiundus Wils. Am. Orn. ix. 1811.89. pL7l, flg. 4 (not of Linn.). 

 Larus plumbiceps Bbebm. Lehrb. 722 (Orat). 

 Larus (Mricilla) megalnplerus Bbuch, J. f. 0. 1865, 287. 

 Atricilli ca'esbai Bonap. Naumannla. 1854, 212. 

 Atricilla minor Bonap. I.e. 

 Atricilla macroptera Bonap. 1. c. 

 Larus {Atricilla) micropterus Bbuch, to. 283. 



'"Adult male, in summer. Bill marked opp >site the angle with a broad trnnsvorae 

 band of brownish bla^.-k, between which and the biise it N light greenish >eIlow, the tips 

 oraQge-yelloiv. Elgos of eyelids greenish yellow; Iris bright yellow. Feet greenlitb yel- 

 low, the webs tinged with orange, olaws black" (AuooBOM). 



— ao 



