GLACIAL ACTION IN AUSTRALASIA. 231 



logical time, been of far vaster extent, implying a heavier rain- 

 fall. The wide distribution of Diprotodnn over not only New 

 South "Wales, but over nearly the whole of Australia, also probably 

 implies a humid climate or Pluvial Epoch, giving rise to the 

 development of extensive marshes. Remains of Diprotodon have 

 been found in New South Wales from near Queanbeyan on the east 

 to near the borders of South Australia in the west; and in Victoria 

 at Limeburners' Point, near Geelong, at Portland, and at Colac ; 

 and in South Australia in the mamraaliferous drift described by 

 Professor Tate as underlying in places the tuffs of Mount Gambler 

 and as developed on the banks of the River Torrcns near Adelaide. 

 And northwards Diprotodon must have ranged at least as far as the 

 Kimberley goldfield in Western Australia, as described by Mr. 

 Hardman. There is, therefore, clear evidence in New South Wales, 

 both stratigraphical and biological, of an epoch when the rainfall 

 was more abundant than it is at present, but whether this Pluvial 

 Epoch was in Pliocene or in Pleistocene time the evidence at 

 present forthcoming is inconclusive. 



Victoria. — In Victoria Mr. Stirling, F.G.S., has confirmed Pro- 

 fessor Lendenfcld's views as to evidence of glaciation in the 

 Australian Alps, at Mitta Mitta, the Cobberas, Mount Bogong, 

 Omeo Lake basin, &c., but no vmdoubted evidence seems to have 

 been observed by him similar to that observed by Professor Tate 

 at Hallett's Cove, near Adelaide. Messrs. Graham, Officer, and 

 L. Balfonr claim to have lately discovered glacial conglomerates 

 as low as 7oOft. above the sea; but I believe that it is possible, if 

 not probable, that the horizon of these conglomerates belongs to 

 that, of the Bacchus Marsh and Wild Duck Creek conglomerates, 

 and may therefore probably be Permo-Carboniferous, as at Bacchus 

 Marsh. Gnngamopteris. so characteristic of the Permo-Carboni- 

 ferous series of New South AVales, has been found in some numbers. 



Tasmania. — An excellent summary of glacial -action in Tasmania 

 and of glacial-action in Australia is given by Mr. R. M. Johnston, 

 F.L.S., m his paper entitled the " Glacial Epoch of Australasia."* 

 Mr. Montgomery, M.A., the Government Geologist of Tasmania, 

 has also contributed an important paper on the subject of glacial 

 phenomena in the vicinity of Mount Pelion and Lake Eyre. 

 Moraine stuff and perfect roches moutonnees are described by him, 

 together with erratics, as traceable to from 2,000ft. to 2,792ft. 

 above the sea. Mount Tyndall, on the authority of Mr. Moore, is 

 polished and striated at an altitude of 3.850ft.. At Lake Dixon 

 also, and other localities mentioned in Mr. Johnson's carefully- 

 compiled paper, there appear to be undoubted evidence of glacial- 

 action. 



South All sfralia. — 'Evidence of ice-action in South Australia has 

 been so fully described already by Professor Tate as to need no 

 further comment. Mr. R. Etheridge, jun., who has personally 



* Papers and Proceetlings, Koyal Society of Tasmania, 1893. 



