466 PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION E. 



as do also the extensive sandy clays and associated gravels of the 

 Koo-wee-rup Swamp, among which, at a depth of 6ft. from the 

 surface, I have obtained several native tomahawks. On the slopes 

 from Nyora to the Lang Lang the Pleistocene beds consist of 

 whitish-grey and chrome-yellow to yellowish-brown sands. The 

 older cemented sand dunes between the Darby River, Wilson's 

 Promontory, and Yanakie are classed as Pleistocene. The two 

 series so graduate into each other that at present any attempt to 

 trace out their distribution would be misleading. They also shade 

 off into the superficial soils both of degradation and transport 

 which I have classed as Holocene. 



CxiMATOLOGY. 



There is, perhaps, no portion of South- East Australia where the 

 relation betAveen amount of rainfall and altitudinal range can be 

 so well studied as in South Gippsland, or where the influence of 

 the prevailing winds has had a marked effect in the erosion of the 

 coastline over different geological formations. 



At Griffith's Point, for instance, the prevailing winds are easterly 

 in early spring and southerly during summer, the wind veering 

 from north-west to south-west, with strongest gales from the 

 latter. 



If we compare the rainfall at stations to the west of the 

 Strzelecki Range with that on the higher points of the range, and 

 again with the low coastal regions on the east, the increase and 

 decrease of rainfall corresjDonding to altitude is very marked: — 

 1890. — San Remo (on the coast). 30"20 during 114 days, sea 

 level; Grantville (on Western Port), 33-69 during 154 days, sea 

 level ; Powong (edge of Strzelecki Ranges), 48-93 during 89 days, 

 670ft. ; Korumburra (centre of Strzelecki Ranges), 50-61 during 

 168 days, 760ft. ; Geachville (heads of Tarwin), 52-99 during 143 

 days, 800ft. ; Calignee (crest of Strzelecki Ranges), 60-00 during 

 170 days, 1,100ft.; Lisle Creek, 56-13 diu-ing 189 days 500ft.: 

 J'oster (south-east coast. Corner Inlet), 49-55, 50ft. ; Port Albert 

 (coast. Corner Inlet), 28-97 during 92 days, sea level; VVilson's 

 Promontory, 47-63 during 137 days, SOOft. 



It will be noted that the rainfall is greater at the higher levels, 

 and decreases to the east, owing to the precipitation over the 

 former when carried over the area by the prevailing south-west 

 and westerly winds. This increased rainfall has had a marked 

 effect on the vegetation of the higher levels in that the most 

 exuberant growths are found at the higher altitudes. An idea 

 of the conditions of temperature, rainfall, and barometric pres- 

 sures on the most southerly point in Australia will be gleaned 

 from the data upon the following jiage, kindly supplied to me by 

 our respected member, the talented Government Astronomer of 

 Victoria, Mr. Ellery. 



