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peoples the woman still remains at the "collector" stage, whilst 

 the man has developed a special and higher form of culture. 



Amongst the hunting peoples we may therefore with a 

 certain amount of right distinguish between two modes of liveli- 

 hood, namely, hunting, which is pursued by the men with 

 special weapons manipulated in a special, trained manner with 

 sport-like character, and secondly collecting, which is 

 carried on by women , children and old people or all those 

 who do not possess the strength or skill to take part in the 

 hunting. In the culture stage of the pure hunters, therefore, 

 hunting and collecting correspond partly to man's and woman's 

 work; it is on this basis at any rale, for a very great part, 

 that the often sharp division between the work of man and 

 woman as also between their customs has been founded. 



It is self-evident, that it would be wrong in a scientific 

 consideration of cultures to distinguish fishing from hunting 

 as a special or separate mode of livelihood. Fishing has to 

 be regarded as "hunting", if it requires special apparatus in 

 conjunction with special methods of capture or great strength, 

 and in these cases it belongs to the activity of the men. On the 

 other hand, it is merely "collecting", when a wealth of fish is so 

 easily obtainable that women and children can help in its capture. 



Applying now these considerations to the culture of the 

 Polar Eskimos, we find that this, like that of the remaining 

 Eskimos, stands no higher in the direction of division of 

 labour in the making of their living that most of the other 

 hunting cultures throughout the world. Every man must be a 

 hunter, even the priests or angakoks, and there are no special 

 leaders or organisers in the tribe. On the other hand, their 

 industrial culture stands even very high as regards its wealth 

 of apparatus for various uses and as regards the acquired skill 

 and sportman's craft and daring with which they are used, 

 even though the apparatus is only for the use of one person, 

 not of many together, i. e. individualism is predominant. 



