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right angles to the legs; it slopes evenly outwards from Ь to a. 

 In winter it is sometimes further prolonged by means of an 

 arch of snow with the entrance on the one side, or a snow 

 wall is simply raised to serve as a screen against the wind. 

 The normal length of the passage is ca. 3 m; its height inside 

 is 60 — 75 cm and its breadth 60 — 70 cm. At the inner end of 

 the passage a sloping entrance between с and d leads up into 

 the house-room. The opening here is so small, that a well- 

 developed Eskimo must have the greatest difficulty in crawling 

 up through it. It is fairly rectangular and meafsures in a 

 longitudinal direction, transversely to the house, Va — ^/4 m, 

 whilst its breadth (from с to d] is only about 35 — 40 cm. 



This entrance-opening stands as a rule unclosed; but 

 sometimes a stone is placed over it to prevent the dogs from 

 coming into the house, or if the wind is very strong and is 

 blowing right in. The Eskimo creeps through the entrance 

 into the house and is then on the floor of the room itself (m 

 in fig. 9), which is laid with flat flag-stones. The window with 

 its pane of gut-skin looks out on the roof of the passage; its 

 opening is completed above and below by long, narrow pieces 

 of slate, and at the sides by walls of heaped-up stones. The 

 square pane of gut-skin, which is represented on fig. 9 by the 

 dotted line at ^, is sewed tightly by means of tendons on to 

 a skin, in the centre of which a square opening of the size of 

 the gut-skin has been cut; this skin is indicated on the figure 

 by the thickened line at к and i. The mode of fixing is, to 

 place the lower part of the skin at к outwards on the top- 

 stones of the entrance , securing it there by laying over it a 

 layer of earth and grass-turf. At the sides of the window the 

 skin is likewise made fast out under the covering of earth, 

 whilst at the top it is bent back over the top-stone of the 

 window and in under the earth and stone-covering of the roof. 

 In this way quite an air-tight and solid window-frame of skin 

 is obtained. The opening of the window is ca, 80 cm high and 



