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an elephant. The kamikker of the men, on the other hand, 

 only reach to just below the knee, where the upper edge is 

 fastened by a string round the skin-stockings. The kamikker 

 may also be drawn tight at the ankles by a leather thong, 

 which is passed through two leather loops fixed on the side of 

 the foot above the middle part. 



The kamikker of both the men and the women are of 

 seal's skin , which is treated in warm water and then scraped, 

 so as to remove the hairs and the dark outer layer. Their 

 colour is thus light. On the other hand, it does not appear 

 that the Polar Eskimos, like the more southerly Greenlanders, 

 use urine for the tanning of the skins. On the feet of the 

 kamikker an extra sole of specially strong skin is sewed. This 

 sole-skin is first scraped on the upper side, i. e. the inner side 

 of the skin, by means of a curved blade of an "ulo", so that 

 it should not be too thick and unbendable. After it is then 

 well-chewed once more, it is sewed along the edge which is 

 turned up a little. During the sewing the women constantly 

 use their teeth on the edge of the sole , to make it more pli- 

 able and easier to pierce with the needle. The method of 

 sewing on the sole is quite the same as in attaching a patch 

 on a hole in the skin- boat. The stitches are not passed in 

 and out through the skin and foot of the kamik, but along 

 both skins, so that no stitch goes right through either of the 

 skins. On the outside the skin of the sole has a fine wrink- 

 ling, produced without the use of any special instrument. 



The Polar Eskimos do not have any over-shoes, such as 

 were worn by the Eskimos in Southern Greenland up to the 

 18'*^ century and which are mentioned by Roald Amundsen as 

 still occurring among the Netchillik Eskimos. 



under the kamikker are worn the skin stockings, which 

 have the same length as the men's and women's kamikker 

 respectively. They are of hare-skin, which is white the whole 

 year round in the polar regions. For this use the hare-skins 



