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contrast to the absence of sympathy and the sharp criticism, 

 which the joke-loving Eskimos display towards everything and 

 everybody not belonging to their own family. The hard struggle 

 for existence has not permitted the Polar Eskimo to become 

 other than a confirmed egoist, who knows nothing of dis- 

 interestedness. Towards his enemies he is crafty and deceitful; 

 he does not attack them openly, but indulges in back-biting; 

 he will not meet his deadly enemy face to face, but will shoot 

 or harpoon him from behind. It is very necessary to remember 

 that these Polar Eskimos, who are so smilingly gentle and 

 friendly, even tactful, on meeting, are by no means ideal. 



It is only during the hunt that a common interest and a 

 common danger engenders a deeper feeling of comradeship, 

 and this may lead to a few of the hunters of about the same 

 age agreeing to hunt together, journey together and remain at 

 the same settlement, perhaps even if possible live together in 

 the same house. If the natural conditions and the dangerous 

 struggle for existence have prevented the development of a more 

 solid social organisation, they have led on the other hand to 

 a kind of comradeship between the unattached and independent 

 individuals of the male sex. How serious this necessity for 

 comradeship may be, is shown hy an event of recent years. 

 The angakok Kajorapaluk (Peary's Kyoahpadu or Kyo) was a 

 bad character and a bad comrade, who was always offending 

 the other members of the tribe in various ways; but what was 

 specially fatal was, that he was constantly lying and deceiving 

 them with regard to the hunting. Sometimes he amused him- 

 self by warning them of bad hunting and consequent famine, 

 in order to frighten them, sometimes he told them that he had 

 seen here or there, for example, the white whale or walrus; 

 but it was always falsehood. At last it became too much for 

 them; it gradually became the common feeling of the tribe, 

 that it would be best to get rid of such a troublesome indivi- 

 dual. He was killed by Uvdloriark and Masaitsiak, two of the 



