The Skull. 



The cranium lying in the coffin of Emanuel Swedenborg is shown 

 on Plates II. and III. The photographs were taken with a camera having 

 a focal distance of 24 em., after a careful orientation of the cranium 

 according to the German horizontal plane (»Frankfurter Verständigung^>). 

 Geometrical outline drawings were further secured by means of a diop- 

 ter, and are here reproduced in the text-figures 11 — 13, in V2 size. 

 The most important anthropological measurements and the indices cal- 

 culated therefrom are brought together in the accompanying Tab. I. 



The cranium is of a dark grayish-brown color and is rather 

 much decayed, especially in the lower parts and on the left side. The 

 external layer of the outer table is peeled off in several places, this 

 being especially the case on a falciform surface enclosing the left fron- 

 tal eminence, which on this account appears more prominent and re- 

 sembles a flat exostosis. Tliis appears especially well on the photo- 

 graphs of the plaster casts, figs. 3 and 14. In several places on the cra- 

 nium there are defects which have clearly arisen through external 

 influences. On Plate III., fig. 2, is thus seen a large irregular hole, with 

 a transverse diameter of 2.6 cm., on the left side of the occipital bone, 

 and, on fig. 3 of the same plate, two holes, about a centimetre in size, 

 on the squamous portion of the left temporal bone. The middle por- 

 tion of the zygomatic arch on the same side is missing; the wall be- 

 tween the sinus maxillaris and fossa canina is perforated on both sides (PI. 

 IL, fig. 1). The inner wall of both orbits, and the lower and outer walls 

 of the left, are defective; the vomer and the turbinate bones are for 

 the most part missing. The lower parts of the nasal bones are some- 

 what injured; the styloid processes are broken and the under sur- 

 face of the occipital condyles, as well as the edges of the alveo- 

 lar processes, are partly Avorn away. The points of both mastoid 

 processes are lacking, and consequently their pneumatic cells are 



