48 J- V. HuLTKEANTZ 



Again, in the matter of capacity, our cranium with its 1500 

 cub. cm. makes no noteworthy departure from the average value for 

 tlie prehistoric crania, but exceeds that of the Upsala crania by some- 

 what more than 100 cub. cm. 54 "/o of the former^ but only about 

 17 °/o of the latter, have the same or greater capacity. 



If on the other hand, we compare the cranium before us with 

 the averages obtained through the elaborate researches of Broca, 

 Manouveiee, and others, into the cranial capacity of European peoples 

 of the present day, and in former times, which in general vary be- 

 tween 1500 and 1600 cub. cm., this cranium can barely be regarded 

 as of medium size. This is the more remarkable since the theory is 

 often maintained that intelligence and brain-volume stand in immediate 

 connection with one another, and one should thus expect to find that 

 Swedenborg had a particularly large brain, and consequently a more 

 than usually capacious skull. If the said theory were fully justifiable, 

 then the moderate size of the present cranium would certainly involve 

 an effective cause for doubting its identity, for which reason the 

 question must here be briefly discussed. 



The determination of the capacity of the crania of individuals 

 especially noted for their intelligence has hitherto been undertaken 

 in a very few cases only. In a classification made in 1883 by 

 Welckee 34 it was proved that in 9 out of 11 such cases the capacity 

 was 1500 cub. cm. or more, and that only 2 crania possessed a capa- 

 city below the last-mentioned number. The latter were the skull of 

 Dante (1493 cub. cm.) and of the anatomist Ph. Fr. Meckel (1338 

 cub. cm.). The second place in the first category is occupied by Im. 

 Kant, with a cranial capacity of 1730 cub. cm. — Some further cases 

 have been published since that time, but the number is too insignificant 

 for the computation of any reliable average, or for the drawing of any 

 sure scientific conclusions. 



A somewhat more abundant store of material has been collected 

 for the clearing up of the question regarding the weight of the brain 

 in persons of varying intellectual development. Spitzka 29 has 

 found an average brain-weight of 1473 gm. in nearly a hundred 

 renowned men, referred to by name, and from a classification by 

 DrjESEKE 6, who used principally the same material, it may be cal- 

 culated that about 70 "/n of those men had a brain-weight of or 



