60 



J. V. HULTKEANTZ 



partly by projecting, by means of a camera, images of the cranium on 

 tlie various portraits, partly by attempting to reconstruct the missing 

 soft parts upon a plaster cast of the cranium. 



The projections were made by attaching a copy of the portrait 

 in question on transparent paper to tlie visual plate of a camera, after 

 which the plaster cast of the cranium was placed in front of the camera 

 in such a position and at such a distance that its image on the visual 

 plate as nearly as possible corresponded to the features of the portrait. 

 In this position, either the contours of the cranium were carefully out- 

 lined directly on the portrait, or else a photograph of the cranium was 



Fig. 16. Contour-lilies of tiie skull, fitted into 



the engraving by Bernigroth in Principia 



Reriim Naturalium. 



Fig. 17. Photographic projection of the 

 cast of the skull on the crayon portrait. 



taken without changing the setting of the camera, after which the 

 plate so obtained was copied on the same sensitive paper as the photo- 

 graph of the portrait. 



The results of these attempts at projection, of which examples 

 are given in figs. 16 and 17, seem to me quite satisfactory. The di- 

 vergences between the contours of the cranium and those of the por- 

 traits are not greater than that they might have arisen from the artists' 

 having worked free handed, and partly from the latters' probably not 

 having seen the original of the portrait at exactly the same visual 

 angle as that at which my camera took the image. 



