38 FiuTz Johansen and I. C. Nielsen. 



especially in the beginning of the month. The maximum tempera- 

 ture is ca. -j-ll°. 



In July the weather is as a rule fine: as abnormal may be 

 mentioned the rainy days about the 20th in 1907 and fog and snow 

 about the middle of the month in 1908. The mean temperature is 

 4-3° to +5°; the minimum fluctuates about freezing-point; the 

 maximum +10° to +15°. The highest temperature obtained during 

 the whole of the Expedition (+17°) fell in this month. 



August. Fine, calm weather as in July; but later in the month 

 the difference between the day and night temperature gradually 

 becomes greater (up to 7°), that is, the frost is increasing at nights. 

 The maximum temperature is ca. +12°, the mean ca. +2°, the 

 minimum ca. — 5°. • 



Before passing to account of the insectan life in general, such 

 as is found at the different seasons, I wish to make the following 

 remarks. 



As mentioned above, the climatic conditions during the period 

 we were at North-East Greenland were not a littte different from 

 year to year. The summer of 1906 (of which however we only had 

 the later part) must have been on the whole a good summer, that 

 is, the fjords and sounds were free of ice, the land very bare of 

 snow and the summer on the whole of long duration (i. e. the night 

 frost came later and was less, and the sea remained open later — 

 all by comparison with the summer of 1907). During the latter the 

 sea-ice in the inner part of the fjord never broke up, with the result 

 that many of the sea-birds did not breed that summer, and the frost 

 at night suddenly became heavy (—6°) at the end of August. On 

 the other hand, the land was earlier bare of snow in 1907 than 

 in 1908, as the snowfall in the winter of the former was much 

 less than in the latter, and May and June of 1908 had somewhat 

 more foggy weather than the corresponding months of 1907. The 

 mean temperature however was lower in 1907 than in 1908. In 

 1908 the ice broke up to a much greater extent (and earlier) 

 than in 1907; so that taken altogether 1907 was a bad summer in 

 contrast to 1908, when the summer showed signs of becoming 

 normal (i. e. as in 1906). 



It will be seen, therefore, how difficult it is to give a general 

 picture of the insect life at North-East Greenland, as 1907 was just 

 the only complete summer we had, and that was abnormal. 



