The Insects of the "Danmark" Expedition. 59 



The inner margin bears a large appendage, corresponding to the 

 prostheca, which Simon Bengtsson found in the Phalacrocera larva. 

 The appendage is club-shaped and the point densely covered with 

 bristles (fig. 2 a). 



The maxillae are flat and blade-like; the cardo is formed by an 

 elongated, triangular plate, which bears in front tw^ very closely 

 placed long bristles; the stipes is densely covered with bristles, soft- 

 skinned, with a stronger chitinous border which surrounds the place 

 of insertion of the palp. The palp (fig. 3) is short and thick, cylin- 

 drical; at its tip which is soft there is a group of five or six sense 

 processes (fig. 3 a). As in the Phalacrocera larva there is a sense- 

 organ at the side, which consists of a soft-skinned area surrounded 

 by a rounded chitinous ring (fig. 3 b). 



The underside of the head-capsule bears the underlip (ectolabium 

 S. Bengts.), which has the form of a plate supporting anteriorly 7 

 rounded teeth (fig. 4), of which the central one is the largest, the 

 others decreasing in size and the outermost quite weakly developed. 

 Posteriorly the plate is somewhat contracted. Under this and pres- 

 sed close up to it, on the underside of the mouth, there is another 

 plate (endolabium S. Bengts.), which is somewhat smaller, broader 

 posteriorly and drawn out in front in 5 teeth (fig. 5). 



The posterior end of the larva is slightly constricted in front 

 of the tip of the abdomen, which is flattened and shows the three 

 pairs of caudal appendages usual in Tipula larvae; each of the upper 

 pair has a small triangular, brownish plate at the base; the middle 

 pair are the longest and the lowest the shortest (fig. 6). 



The length of the pupa is ca. 2 cm. (fig. 7). On the dorsal 

 surface of the thorax there is a pair of spiracles, which diverge 

 somewhat and are slightly curved. The dorsal surface of the thorax 

 is transversely rugose and bears here a pair of flat tubercles. 



The abdominal segments are divided by a constriction into an 

 anterior and a posterior part; on the dorsal surface behind the line 

 of division they bear a row of posteriorly directed spines which 

 increase in size towards the hind end of the larva. On the sides 

 there are two spines, one of which is placed on the anterior margin 

 of the joint, the other at the posterior margin. On the underside 

 of the second abdominal joint there is a pair of spines and each of 

 the succeeding bears a row of strong spines posteriorly. 



The upper side of the anal joint has three pairs of spines stand- 

 ing behind one another; the last pair is found at the end of the 

 body. The underside of the joint bears a row of 6 large spines 

 which are situated under the front pair on the dorsal surface. 



