512 



Karl A. Grünvvall. 



more inland, is somewhat lower, the land-surface sloping gently to- 

 wards the west. West of the Carboniferous formations, the Archæan 



rocks usually rise to a height of 



^^Э\^°° about 1,000 m. 



Г У ' J ! I i\^ There is a gentle dip of the 



^ ^1-|-l" |i^|_^j ^ Carboniferous strata towards the 



r ny i |i I г Ч\ east and north, and the oldest de- 



^.--- 4 - !■ . ! . r^TTT^-H^ 275 posits are, consequently, found at 



d I'/v:-"/"^ ■',--•' 'Г" у"*" the western boundary of the form- 



c -/j^^^^^v^V^^nr^^V^"" ation. On the northern shore of 



ь ^=^-^=^bj^^^:^r-^-::^^ ^ ° . Hekla Sound, about 7 km. east of 



Y^^ï-^ Depot вО'^ОЭ', there were found loose 



Y^^^^^ ;^^ slabs of a micaceous slate with plant 



Fig. 1. Section of the Carboniferous rocks fo^^ils. At Depot 80^09' there was 

 at the Depot 80°09'. (a), fine and soft black drawn the accompanying profile 

 shale; (b), gray shale; (c), conglomerate; (Pig. 1). From the foot of the 



(d), sandstone without fossils;, d"),fossiii- „.^untain up to 100 metres above 



ferous sandstone; (e), limestone rich 



in corals sea-level, the rock is hidden by 



loose debris, but, at the height 

 mentioned, black and grey shale become visible as a 30-metre thick 

 bed. It is this shale which has given the greater part of the plant 

 fossils that form the basis of Nathorst's account. The shale is cov- 

 ered by a conglomerate about 70 metres thick, dark red in colour, 



Fig. 2. Coast between "Depot 80°09'' and "Mallemukfjæld' 



and containing well-rounded pebbles of the size of a hazel-nut; their 

 size gradually diminishes upwards, and the conglomerate passes 

 into a red sandstone which forms the rock until a height of 275 

 metres above sea-level is reached. The lowest part of the sandstone 

 contains no fossils, but from 240 to 275 metres there is an abund- 

 ance of them, brachiopods especially. From 275 m. to the summit 



