The marine Carboniferous of North-east Grcenl. and its Bracliiopod Fauna. 517 



localities is, occasionally, somewhat uncertain. In many cases, 

 Ьоу/ел'ег, a microscopical examination has given specially reliable 

 characterizations for the determination of the relationship or divers- 

 ity of the various rocks, a fact of great importance, as, for carrying 

 out the megascopical examination, the material available was often 

 less than equal to a clenched hand in size. The microscopical 

 investigation has given specially valuable information respecting the 

 occurrence of certain smaller organisms — Fusulina, especially — 

 in the series of strata, as well as with regard to the fragments of 

 larger or smaller organisms forming part of the various rocks. 



In addition, the microscope has made valuable contributions to 

 the solution of the problem of the process of formation of the rocks 

 occurring in the districts mentioned above. 



For the purpose of comparing the rocks in question with mate- 

 rial from the Carboniferous Formations of Spitzbergen and Beeren 

 Eiland, I have had the opportunity to avail myself of the rich col- 

 lections brought home to the State Museum of Stockholm by Swedish 

 expeditions, and I am happy to have this opportunity of giving my 

 heartiest thanks to Professor Gerhard Holm, the head of the Zoopalæ- 

 ontological Department, for the readiness with which he has allowed 

 me access to the collections, both of fossils and of the specimens 

 of rock, under his care. My friend, Professor Carl Wiman, of Upp- 

 sala, who has examined the rich bracliiopod fauna in the Carboniferous 

 of Spitzbergen and Beeren Eiland, has, during the whole period of 

 my work, assisted me with information, not only regarding the 

 brachiopod fauna, but also as regards the rocks composing the Car- 

 boniferous series of strata of these regions. Without his valuable 

 assistance, indeed, my deductions, in several instances, would not 

 have been at all as safe as I am now able to consider them. 



My heartiest thanks are due to Mr. Edward Adams-Ray of Stock- 

 holm, for the translation to English. 



The fossils have been photographed by Mr. A. Hj. Olsson of 

 the Geological Survey of Sweden, Stockholm, and the photographs 

 have been retouched by Mr. J. V. Englund of Stockholm. Both of 

 these gentlemen have carried out their task most successfullv. 



