520 Kahl A. Gkönwall. 



obtained another species of limestone — I am uncertain whether it 

 was from the soHd rock or from free-lying stones — viz., a light 

 reddish-gray limestone {N:o 150), which, to tlie naked eye, looks 

 like a close-grained rock containing numerous small stem-joints of 

 crinoids; under the microscope, however, it proves to consist of a 

 finely crystalline matrix, in which lie imbedded numerous fragments 

 of fossils, mostly remains of crinoids, followed by brachiopod spines 

 and Foraminifera, Bigenerina, Tetrataxis and Fiisulina. 



The next level where rock specimens were obtained from the 

 solid rock is 240 metres above sea-level (N:o lAO, a and b). N:o IM a 

 is an almost black, somewhat shaly limestone, alternating with de- 

 posits of a more shaly and clayey nature which, for the most part, 

 consist of small fragments of fossils of various species. In conse- 

 quence of weathering, this rock has obtained a lighter colour, and, 

 on the surface, is grayish or gray-green, a closer examination show- 

 ing that the dark, almost black colour, depends on the presence of 

 organic substances, as, on heating, it becomes of a light gray colour. 

 Under the microscope this rock proved to consist of numerous frag- 

 ments of fossils, most of them crinoid stem- joints, brachiopod spines 

 and shells, zoaries of Bryozoa, and some few rotaliforni Foramini- 

 fera, inbedded in a matrix which is somewhat re-crystallized and 

 contains a dark bituminous pigment, fairly evenly distributed over 

 the whole. This rock is characterized by Spirifer supramosquensis 

 NiKiTiN, of which there are several specimens in the same rock 

 from other localities, partly in Koch's section, at 275 metres above 

 the sea {N:o 152), and also in the Conglomerate Section. Other fossils 

 than this species of Spirifer cannot be given as distinctive of the rock 

 in question; its petrographical appearance is, however, so peculiar, 

 that, within this relatively restricted tract, a certain slratigraphical 

 importance should be ascribed to it. It is also of some importance 

 for comparison with the Carboniferous deposits of Spitzbergen, as 

 it possesses certain clear points of connection with the Fusulina 

 limestone of Spitzbergen, or, as v. Staff and Wedekind call it, the 

 "Foraminiferal sapropelite". A more detailed account of the relation 

 borne by these two rocks to each other will be given in the com- 

 parative survey. Chapter IV, p. 597. 



From the same level there has been gathered a limestone show- 

 ing traces of a more thorough re-crystallization, containing fragments 

 of fossils which are entirely transformed into large individuals of 

 crystalline calcite, and the matrix to a finely crystallized limestone. 

 In one free-lying boulder {N:o 157) from the same level there lies 

 a badly preserved Spirifer, although this, too, is a Sp. supramos- 

 quensis Nik., in a light gray, somewhat reddish limestone; on the 



