The marine Carboniferous of Nortfi-east Greenl. and its lîrachiopod Fauna. 609 



SO strongly chonetoid as to render its separation from Chonetes 

 exceedingly difficult". Of the brachiopod genera specially charact- 

 eristic for the Permian there are no representatives in the Carboni- 

 ferous deposits of North-east Greenland. Of the whole of the bra- 

 chiopod fauna occurring here (in North-east Greenland) the two 

 undetermined species of the genus Strophalosia are the ones that 

 have most of a Permian character (see for example, Waagen, pp. 

 •640—641), this genus having its principal extension in the Permian 

 formation, even if it have precursors in the superior part of the 

 Upper Carboniferous (the Schwagerina horizon), and still more so 

 in the Permo-Carboniferous. 



A further argument against a younger age is offered when we 

 consider the species of the fauna which have, with certainty, been 

 determined as belonging to the same definite level (see p. 591); the 

 species here, especially in the bituminous limestone from the pro- 

 files in Holm's Land {N:o WO), and in the light limestone from the 

 Mallemukfjæld, present — as will be further developed later on — 

 no special accumulation of forms that possess a Permian character, 

 but show an assemblage of species which must be said to have an 

 Upper Carboniferous aspect. 



For a more detailed classification of the North-east Greenland 

 Carboniferous formations within the Upper Carboniferous beds, we 

 shall be obliged to have recourse to a comparison with the form- 

 ations with related fauna, which we meet in the, geographically, 

 nearest situated deposits in Beeren Eiland and Spitzbergen, and in 

 Russia, especially in the Urals and the Timan tundra. Of the close 

 connection between the Carboniferous deposits of Spitzbergen-Beeren 

 Eiland and those of Russia, especially in the Urals and the Timan, 

 we have good testimony in Wiman's (1914, pp. 87—88) statement 

 respecting their close connection, and in his comparative tables of the 

 brachiopod fauna in these formations. 



The horizontal Distribution of the Brachiopod Fauna. 



Of the 21 determined species, the greater number, or 17 species 

 can also be found in the Carboniferous of Russia, or are represented 

 there by very closely related forms. Of the same 21 forms, 14 are 

 found again in Spitzbergen and Beeren Eiland (taken as one loca- 

 lity), and of these 14 forms, 12 (i. е., all but 2) are also to be found 

 in the Carboniferous formations of Russia. The 2 forms that occur 

 neither in Russia nor in Spitzbergen— Beeren Friland, are species 

 from the Productus limestone of the Salt Range (India). 



If to this total number of forms that are specifically determined. 



