TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION E. 305 



from the similarity of sound, I identify it with Olosenga, one of 

 the smaller islands of the Ta'u group, at the east end of Samoa. 

 The dropping of the " r " in the Samoan rendering of the name 

 I take to be an illustration of that decay of the consonants so 

 frequently met with in the Polynesian language. " H " is the 

 Maori equivalent of the Samoan " s." 



28. Manuka. — I only know of one mention of this name as 

 an ancient one, and that occurs in the " Waiata a Tamangori-" 

 amongst my own collection, where, from the context, and from 

 the mention of Earotonga, Kuparu, and other old names, I 

 am inclined to identify it with Manu'a of the Ta'u group, 

 Samoa, from which Karika sailed when he discovered Earo- 

 tonga. 



29. Whangara. — Mention is often made of this place, after 

 which Whangara, near Gisborne, New Zealand, was named. 

 It is said to be the place which the canoes from New Zealand 

 returned to in Hawaiki, to fetch the humara root. This may. 

 be the Fangala in Upolu, or it may also be Fa(ng)ara, in 

 Eaiatea. It would be interesting to ascertain whether in 

 either of these places the humara grows in a semi-wdld state ; 

 for such is the account of it given by the Maoris. 



In these eight names of places in the Samoan Islands, the 

 first five are almost certainly correct as to identity. The 

 Maoris have a great deal in common with the Samoans, as 

 they have with other branches ; but there are at the same time 

 such great differences in many of their customs, language, and 

 traditions that there can be no reasonable doubt that they did 

 not migrate from there to New Zealand directly, as has so often 

 been contended. 



The next group which I shall consider will be that of 

 Tonga, together with Fiji. 



30. Tonga. — This name is frequently mentioned in song 

 and chant, and often in connection with Whiti. There can be 

 little doubt that it refers to Tonga of the Friendly Isles. 



31. Waioau. — I have already pointed out in note No. 4 the 

 probability of one or more references to the Island of Vavao, of 

 the Tonga group. 



32. Tuhua. — This has commonly been referred to Tuhua, or 

 Mayor Island, on the east coast of Nevy^ Zealand ; but from the 

 stories with which it is connected it is much more likely to be 

 Tofua, in the Tonga group. There is an old volcano in Samoa 

 also called Tofua. In Samoa, in Tonga, and in New Zealand 

 the name is in each case applied to a volcano, either extinct or 

 active. In New Zealand it is also the name for obsidian, or 

 volcanic glass. 



33. Whiti is frequently named in the old poetry, and 

 refers with little doubt to the Fiji group. Whiti-reia is also a 



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