PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION B. 8S 



1.— THE PURE FOOD STANDARD FOR BREAD. J- 

 By H. G. Ohapman, M.D., B.S. 



(Abstract.) 



Observations have been made since 1909 on the amounts of water, 

 nitrogen, and ash in bread made in Sydney. They show the composi- 

 tion of bread to be variable within wide limits. These variations are 

 seasonal, so that the bread made from any single season's flour is of 

 more constant composition. Attention is drawn to the great variation 

 in the percentage of nitrogen present. This is so great that one loaf 

 may contain twice as much nitrogen as another. 



These results suggest that the standard for bread is unsuitable 

 and that another should be substituted. 



2.— ON THE KINOS OR ASTRINGENT EXUDATIONS OF ONE 

 HUNDRED SPECIES OF EUCALYPTUS. 



By Henry G. Smith, F.C.S., Assistant Curator and Economic Chemist, 

 Technological Museum, Sydney. 



Introduction. 



The results recorded in this paper have been obtained during an 

 investigation on the properties of 100 kinos or astringent exudations 

 collected from distinct species of eucalpytus. Although this number 

 represents less than half the known species, yet the results give a verj 

 fair idea of the general characters of the exudations for the whole 

 genus. 



The work was undertaken, primarily, in order to ascertain their 

 relatively econom'c values, and incidentally to determine whether 

 the chemical evidence thus obtained would be of value in throwing light 

 on the relations existing; between the several members of the genus 

 one with another, or show parallel grouping in conformity with the 

 evidence already derived from the study of their essential oils. These 

 astringent exudations are representative of the tannins peculiar to 

 the different types of eucalyptus species. 



The chemical characters of the eucalypts, as indicated by the 

 varying constituents in the oils distilled from their leaves, are remark- 

 ably constant for each individual species, so much so that the determi- 

 nations r' the physical and chemical characters of this product of the 

 plant have become of some importance in the discrimination of the 

 species, and the method has been found to render considerable assis- 

 tance towards correct botanical diagnosis. The satisfactory results 



* Published in full in the Australasian Baker and Millers' Journal, 1913. 



