PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION F. 367 



speculatious about ancient dwellings, weapons, implements, 

 " Druidical remains," burial customs, and a few other 

 such like subjects. Beyond some general knowledge or 

 suspicion that races differed in some respects from each 

 other, and that in recent times there is shov/n a general 

 or particular progress, there was but little known; and there 

 seemed to be no idea that the comparative study of races, or the 

 practice of comparative anatomy, could possibly possess a vital 

 interest for man. In this resj^ect, the science, if it can be called 

 a science, was in much the same position as alchemy, astrology, or 

 galvanism. But just as alchemy made place for chemistry, just 

 as astrology developed into astronomy, just as galvanism, which 

 was merely a medical curiosity, expanded as the science of elec- 

 tricity to influence the whole sphe^-e of human activities, so Anthro- 

 pology, for reasons we may see and by ways we can trace, became 

 a science, the one science universally considered to be worthy of 

 study, not only by experts, but by every thoughtful mind. 



As a body of accumulated facts, with certain established prin- 

 ciples, Anthropol'ogy comes into touch with all things human. For 

 it deals with man's body and mind, and all that these include 

 and imply; with his physical structure and bodily functions; with 

 his intellect, emotions, and will ; with his languages, religions, 

 customs, social conditions, habits, instincts, appetites, and 

 activities. It deals with all human peoples past and present, with 

 everything in the Universe that is related to man or that influences 

 him in any way, and with the manner and the extent of the 

 influence. It deals with the mode and the degree in which he 

 possesses structures, faculties, and characters that he has in 

 common v/ith the rest of the creation. When it is affirmed that 

 " God made all the creatures and gave them our love and 

 our fear. 

 To give sign, we and they are his children, one family here." 

 It examines whether the statement is a poetical figure or a 

 scientific fact that man and all creatures are really one family, 

 and, if one family, whether and to what extent they are a family 

 by kinship or by consanguinity. As a result of careful observa- 

 tion, it finds that there is not in man one thing — physical, mental, 

 or moral — that is not capable of being elucidated by comparative 

 study; that the world is all of a piece, warp and woof; and that 

 in the scheme of Nature man has an important place. 



To the scientist the words " Man's Place in Nature ''' are in- 

 evitably associated with the phrase Evolution Theory, and this 

 again suggests the term Darwinism. A word on these two. Three 

 theories have been advanced at different times to explain the C5'> 

 dition of the universe — (1) That the universe never had a 

 beginning, and that things have always been as they are now. 



