PROCEEDINGS OF SECTIOX I. 603 



suffer from, or be convalescent, from some infectious disease, or 

 even be a disease carrier, it can be readily understood how easy- 

 it would be to spread disease. 



School children, with few exceptions, drink straight from the 

 tap or the school cup. As long as they do this, the chances are 

 we shall always have epidemics. 



1 feel convinced that measles, scarlet fever, mumps, and diph- 

 theria, are more likely to spread by such direct infection than by 

 infected children sitting at the same desk or using the same books 

 and material. 



Uncivilized man drinks straight from the pool or stream by 

 lying down and placing both lips into the water, or he fills the 

 cupped hand 6r hands and drinks in a similar manner. 



Some children have the intelligence to understand the dangers 

 of drinking direct from the tap or school cup, and they drink from 

 the cupped hand or hands after rinsing them thoroughly, or they 

 drink with both lips inside the cup. 



It is not of much use to forbid a child to do a certain thing; 

 it is better to prevent it. The tap I have designed prevents contact 

 of the lips whilst drinking. The child is able to drink only from 

 the cupped hand or from the running water with the cheek against 

 the tap. This tap would be suitable for school lavatories. 



I also devised a fixed drinking cup, which is self-cleaning and 

 which can only be used v/ith both iips inside. This cup would be 

 most suitable for school use. 



I am of opinion that, from a sanitary point of view, such taps 

 and cups should be attached to all public drinking fountains, 

 especially those at railway stations, in the streets, and in public 

 parks and reserves. 



6. OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE RELATION OF 

 BOVINE TO HUMAN TUBERCULOSIS. 



By F. Guy Griffiths, M.D., Sydney. 

 {Published in " Australasian Medical Gazette," 29th March, 1913.) 



