of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 
Topknot, Muller’s (Zeugopterus punc- 
tatus), (4) 226; (8) 285; (21) 229. 
eggs of, (7) 304; (17) 83, 93. 
—— —— in Firth of Forth, (8) 357. 
in Loch Fyne, (15) 112; (18) 
357. 
—— —-— on East Coast, (21) 229. 
parasites of, (19) 122 ; (20) 290. 
—— —— spawning period of, (4) 250. 
—— —— young stages of, (13) 333. 
--— Norway (Zeugopterus (Scophthal- 
mus, Rhombus) norvegicus), (12) 19, 
227 ; (18) 285, 357. 
—— eggs of, (16) 91. 
—— —-— intraovarian eggs of, (16) 97. 
—— one-spotted (Zeugopterus unimacu- 
latus), (18) 285. 
—— eggs of, (17) 83, 93, 96. 
— habits of, (4) 225. 
—— —— in Loch Fyne, (15) 112. 
—— —— ripe eggs of, (4) 226. 
—— —— spawning period of, (4) 250. 
Topknots, young of, (11) 246. 
Tornatina mamillata, (15) 115. 
—— nitidula, (15) 115. 
— obtusa, (15) 115. 
— truncatula, (15) 115. 
umbilicata, (15) 115. 
Torpedo (Torpedo nobiliana), (2) 79 ; (19) 
290. 
Torpedo marmorata, (2) 79. 
Torsk. See Tusk. 
Torula morrhuce, (6) 205. 
Tosh, Dr J. R., (12) 19, 20, 300, 333. 
Trachelifer, (17) 269. 
Trachelobdella lophii, (19) 138. 
—-— punctata, (19) 138. 
striata, (19) 138. 
Trachinus draco. See Weever, greater. 
——vipera. See Weever, lesser. 
Trawlers, flat fishes landed by, (20) 77. 
—— observations made on commercial, 
(20) 73. 
—— routine work on board, (19) 58. 
—— statistics of fish caught by, (20) 74. 
Trawl-net, influence of mesh on size of 
fishes caught, (19) 62. 
invertebrate fauna taken by. See 
** Garland.” 
—— relation of size of mesh to capture 
of immature fish, (8) 182; (12) 302; 
(19) 64. 
—— used by ‘‘ Garland,” description of, 
(14) 129, 130. 
Trawl-nets, mesh of, (13) 334. 
—— relation between size of mesh and 
fish captured, (12) 302. 
Trawling, action of net on bottom in, (8) 
360. 
— and the fisheries, observations on, 
(12) 15. 
area of fishing extended, (20) 83. 
areas frequented by Aberdeen 
vessels in 1891 and 1901, (20) 140. 
at Iceland, statistics of catches at, 
(20) 135. 
capture of immature fish by, (6) 3; 
(8) 179, 195. 
— change of grounds by Aberdeen 
trawlers, (20) 126. 
245 
Trawling, comparative experiments with 
otter-trawl and beam-trawl, (20) 118. 
comparative productiveness of 
different areas in North Sea, (20) 138. 
comparison of adjacent closed and 
unclosed areas, (7) 22. 
comparison of amounts of fish landed 
by beam-trawlers and line-fishermen, 
(6) 7. 
comparison of catches of trawlers 
from different parts of the North Sea, 
(20) 135. 
effect of change of grounds in 1891 
and 1901 on statistics, (20) 141. 
enguiries of Government 
missioners regarding, (6) 17. 
enquiries of committee, (6) 2, 17. 
extension of fishing to north-eastern 
parts of North Sea, (20) 126. 
for herring. See Seine-net. 
grounds at first frequented by the 
Aberdeen trawlers, (20) 127. 
in Australia, (9) 400. 
in Bay of Biscay, statistics of 
catches, (20) 135. 
in France, (9) 419. 
— in Holland, investigations on, (13) 
341. 
in Ireland, enquiries regarding, (9) 
395. 
—— in ltaly, enquiry regarding, (7) 401. 
in Japan, investigations on, (13) 348. 
—— in Spain, enquiries regarding, (7) 
396, 398 ; (13) 346. 
limits of closed waters, (8) 370. 
regulations regarding, (13) 346. 
increase of abundance of fish in 
protected waters, (6) 18. 
—— increase of small fish in protected 
waters, (6) 2. 
influence of size of mesh of net on 
fish caught, (19) 62. 
in relation to eggs of fishes, (7) 401. 
—— method of treating information as to 
place of fishing, (20) 137. 
necessity of regulating, in Firth of 
Clyde, (6) 5. 
on beach, effect of clear water on 
result of, (17) 233. 
on deep-water grounds, (19) 60. 
—— place of fishing, how ascertained, 
(20) 136. 
proportion of marketable and un- 
marketable fishes, (19) 60, 61. 
records as to place of fishing, (20) 
135. 
regulations closing waters against, 
(20) 128. 
relation of mesh of net to fish caught, 
(8) 182. * 
result of successive hauls on same 
ground, (21) 34, 36. 
small-meshed net used for collecting 
small fishes, (20) 327. 
—— speed at which net is towed, (20) 
122. 
statistics of catches for a period of 
years, (20) 126. 
vessels, changes in, (12) 169. 
—— vitality of fish caught by, (8) 183. 
com- 
