16 T. THORELL, 
As a complete registration of synonymous generic and specific names 
does not enter into the plan of these remarks, I have in general taken up 
in the lists of synonyms only such citations, as were necessary to show the 
origin and date of the various denominations given to each species and 
genus: I have however frequently, in the case of specific names, also referred 
to some work where the species in question is fully and unmistakably 
described or figured, as also invariably to WESTRINGS and BLACKWALL’S 
great works, and, for genera, to SIMON's. Names from mere lists of species 
I have only in a few cases admitted among the synonyms, for in most in- 
stances we are destitute of all guarantee that such names really correspond 
to the species, to which the names properly belong. The common synonym 
for a number of generic names, Araneus CLERCK, Aranea LINN. (and other 
authors), I have not considered it necessary to include, neither have I in 
the synonyms for the genera formed at the expense of the old genera of 
LATREILLE and WALCKENAER, admitted these, unless it, for some especial 
reason, appeared to me desirable. When I have admitted into the lists a 
synonym, which I look upon as uncertain, I have placed before it a? 
definiendæ; exclusis enim omnibus, quie ibi non reperiuntur, ita sspe minuitur et 
circumscribitur numerus formarum, in quibus dubitetur, ut nullo interdum negotio vere 
judicare possimus . . . . At si qua deseriptio, licet hoc modo intra terminos quosdam 
coéreita, tamen in duas vel plures species æque quadrat, nec seriptoris verba vel 
figure ullam ansam ad unam earum, rejectis aliis, eligendam præbeat; nee denique 
ab omnibus receptum est, nomine veteri speciem quandam ex iis, in quibus dubitatur, 
significare; tum ita equidem censeo, que ex iis in provincia vel in patria illius scrip- 
toris maxime sit vulgaris, eam nomine, quo ille usus sit, esse appellandam. Eodem 
quoque modo judicandum est, quum evidenter apparet, scriptorem aliquem duas vel 
plures diversas species confudisse: nisi si //guram addiderit, que unam earum mani- 
feste repræsentet; tum enim nomine, quod ille adhibuerit, hane speciem vocare, 
satius mihi videtur. — — — Quum autem in uno eodemque opere varietates ejusdem 
speciei ut diverse species descriptæ et nominate sunt, difficile interdum videri potest 
judicare, ex nominibus datis quod retinendum sit et speciei imponendum. . . . . 
Definiendum est, quz sit forma principalis sive primitiva, cujus nomen sibi adsciscat 
species necesse est, et cujus varietates igitur relique sunt habendæ. Forma vero 
principalis ea existimanda est, que frequentissime invenitur in patria ejus, qui primus 
nomina, de quibus agitur, dedit. Si id dijudieari non potest, vel si apparet, serip- 
torem illum veram formam principalem non cognovisse: tum primum ad alias rationes 
est confugiendum, et ex nominibus, que dederit, id eligendum, quod exempli gratia 
magis quam reliqua in hac specie tritum atque usitatum sit, vel quod magis aptum 
et idoneum videatur — et id genus alia." 
When a species, concerning which there is a differenee of opinion, is not found 
in the country where the describer resided, it is evident that what has here been 
said of that eountry, must be considered as holding good for the locality where the 
species in question was taken. 
