On EUROPEAN SPIDERS. 17 
In conformity with an alternative proposed by the British Committee, 
I have, in this as well as in my previous works, in giving the authority 
for a generic name, placed the authors name within parentheses whenever 
the limits of the genus received by me are different from those of that 
author, but without parentheses when the genus is considered as possessing its 
original compass. If I wish to indicate that a genus ought to be taken in 
the meaning proposed by some other particular author, I have usually 
added the name of that author after that of the original describer. Thus 
Epeira WALCK. signifies the genus Æpeira as limited by WALCKENAER, 
who first set up that genus. petra (WALCK.) is the same genus, but with 
diferent limits; Epeira (WALCK.) WESTR. (sometimes, but only for the sake 
of brevity, Epeira WESTR. means the same genus with the limits assigned 
to it by WESTRING. 
After a complete name (including both the generic and specific names) 
the authority has been placed without parentheses, when the species occurs 
under the same both generic and trivial name in the author cited, but 
within parentheses, when the generic name used by him is different. I 
write, for example, Epeira angulata (CLERCK) with, but Æ. adianta W ALCK. 
without parentheses. If a specific name appear to be not fully certain, I 
have generally placed after the authority cited for it the name of some 
other author, in whose works it indicates the species I refer to. Ærigone 
rufipes (LINN.) SUND. thus indicates the spider, which SUNDEVALL describes 
as the Aranea rujipes of LINNÉ 2). 
1) The ordinary custom in botanical works, of appending as authority to the 
complete name of a species the name of the author, who first employed the whole 
name (both generic and specific), and of passing in silence over the writer, who 
first made known the species, if he should have used another generic name, has 
not been much followed by zoologists. What advantages that custom can offer, I am 
unable to discover. By the opposite method of notation, adopted by me and by most 
zoologists for indicating authorities, one obtains reference to the epoch, when the spe- 
cies was first made known, and from which the priority of the name is to be reckoned, 
and that is, I suppose, in most cases the main advantage gained by appending an 
authority. This method does not of course prevent the citation of a later author 
after a complete name, if the occasion be such as to require the making of a di- 
stinction between his description or figures of the species and those of others. We 
may accordingly very well speak e. g. of Epeira quadrata WESTR. and Epeira 
quadrata Kocu, though at the same time we assume, that the Æpeira quadrata 
of both these writers ought in strict propriety to be called Epeira quadrata (CLERCK). 
Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Se. Ups. Ser. III. 3 
