On EUROPEAN SPIDERS. 57 
has the intermediary eyes placed precisely in the same manner as those of 
their Meta fusca. — Concerning these three genera, vid. infra: Gen. Zilla 
and Meta (p. 59, 61). 
Genus 3. CYRTOPHORA (Sm.). 1864. 
Deriv.: xveróc, crooked, bowed; géow, bear. 
Syn.: 1837. Singa C. Koch, Uebers. d. Arachn.-Syst., 1, p. 6 (ad partem). 
1861. Epeira Wesrr., Aran. Suec., p. 20 (ad partem). 
1864. a Brackw., Spid. of Gr. Brit., IT, p. 323 (ad partem). 
1864. Singa Hist. Nat. d. Araignées, p. 255 (ad partem). 
1864. Epeira: «groupe» Cyrtophora ID., ibid., p. 262 (ad partem). 
1866. Cyclosa MENGE, Preuss. Spinn., I, p. 73. 
Type: Cyrtophora opuntiæ (DUFOUR). 
The spiders which, in consequence of peculiarities in the form of the 
abdomen, and usually also in the position of the eyes (conf. p. 49), we assemble 
under this generie name, are chiefly exotie: the only species found in northern 
Europe is Ar. conica PALLAS, which, sometimes referred to Epeira, sometimes 
to Singa, sometimes elevated to the rank of a separate genus, appears to 
us to stand in very close relation to Epeira opuntie DUF.'), a spider which 
we take as typical of the genus Cyrtophora, and which seems to be so consi- 
dered by Simon (loc. cit). For C. conica, MENGE has formed the genus 
Cyclosa, which name, being younger, must be rejected in favour of that 
given by SIMON. SIMON however aggregates to Cyrtophora several species, 
which surely have little or no relationship with C. opuntie: such are 
Epeira mexicana Lucas, Æ. paradoxa ID. — which would seem to be a 
Cyrtarachne THOR. (Cyrtogaster KEYSERL. — and Æ. mitralis VINSON, 
belonging to the genus Cerostris THoR., of the other species of which 
genus one, C. tuberculata (VINS.), is included by SIMON in the "groupe? 
Eriophora of the genus Epeira, and another, C. imperialis (WALCK.), in 
the sub-genus Hurysoma of the genus Gasteracantha.?) Further on in his 
work (p. 494, 495) he assigns even the species of the "groupe" of the ge- 
nus (and sub-genus) Zpeira, for which he had first specially reserved that 
name, (E. angulata, E. bicornis, etc.), to Cyrtophora, whereby this latter 
group is certainly not made more natural. 
1) Durour, Deser. de six Arachn. nouv., p. 359, Tab. LXIX, fig. 3. 
2) SIMON, loc. cit, p. 261 and 284. 
Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sc. Ups. Ser. III. 8 
