ON EUROPEAN SPIDERS. 161 
mandibular claw: it moves, as is known, in a vertical plane very nearly 
parallel to the longer axis of the body, and, when at rest, is directed back- 
wards; in all other spiders- on the contrary, it moves in a plane almost at 
right angles to the longer axis of the body, and lies with its point turned 
inwards, sometimes obliquely inwards and backwards. The mandibles 
themselves are generally more projecting and larger than in other spiders, 
and can only be opened to an inconsiderable amount. The Territelariæ 
have generally four air-sacs; the spinners are with few exceptions only four 
in number: the superior are usually considerably longer than the inferior, 
and consist of three, sometimes (at least in the genera Diplura C. Kocu 
and Æriodon LATR. or Missulena WALCK.) of four joints. The tarsal claws 
are mostly two, sometimes three in number. 
The Territelariæ approximate on the one side to the Tubitelarie (Fi- 
listatoide and Dysderoide) and on the other to the Citigrade. The genus 
Catadysas HENTZ forms an evident transition to this latter sub-order, with 
which they also in their habits show many analogies. That some of the 
female Theraphosoide carry their young upon their backs, just like species 
of the genus Lycosa, has been long known: LATREILLE states it to be the 
case with Nemesia Sauvagesii (ROSSI) or Mygale fodiens WALCK. !), and AB- 
BOT has, according to WALCKENAER ?), observed the same phænomenon in 
Actinopus Abbotii (WALCK.). Lincecum relates ?) concerning certain species 
found in Texas: "Two or three species of Mygale carry a sack well filled 
with eggs attached to the tip of their abdomen, and when the young ones 
hatch out, they take them on their backs and carry them like the Mygale 
Hentz.” 
The European Territelariæ all belong to one family, the Therapho- 
soide, all the species of which have four pulmonary sacs, and a£ least four 
spinners. Of the families Liphistioide and Catadysoidæ see pag. 43. 
Fam. I. THERAPHOSOIDÆ. 
Syn.: 1802. Gen. Mygale Warck., Faune Par., II, p. 241. 
1805. Gen. Theraphosa 1D., Tabl. d. Aran., p. 1. 
1817. " Territeles" Larr. in Cuv., Règne Anim., III, p. 79. 
1823. Terrestres SUND., Gen. Aran. Suec., p. 10. 
1) See Warck., Faune Franc., Arachn., p. 5. 
2) Hist. Nat. d. Ins. Apt., I, p. 248. 
3) The Tarantula, p. 411. 
Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sc. Ups. Ser. III. 21 
