ON EUROPEAN SPIDERS. 187 
thorax brownish, abdomen white, densely sprinkled with dark-brown points. 
Legs yellowish-white, mottled with brown. Lives in decaying matter. Un- 
fortunately I possess no more than one female specimen. Appears to be 
nearly related to Arkys lancearius WALCK. Apt, I, 497, pl. 13, Fig. 3." 
(MENGE, loc. cit.). 
Sub-ordo VI. CITIGRADA. 
Syn.: 1817. "Citigrades" Latr., in Cuv., Règne Anim., III, p. 95. 
1823. Cursores Sunp., Gen. Aran. Suec., p. 20. 
1825. Citigradæ Larr., Fam. Nat. du Règne Anim., p. 316. 
1833. Lycosides SUND., Consp. Arachn., p. 23 
1852. Venatores Dotuscu., Syst. Verzeichn. ete., p. 8. 
This perfeetly natural and universally acknowledged group, almost 
identical with WALCKENAERS ” Coureuses" and SIMON'S ” Lycosiformes”, and 
characterised by its high, almost prismatie cephalothorax, with narrow back, 
its eyes, which are arranged in 3 or 4 transversal rows (rarely in 2, and, 
when so, the posterior row strongly curved backwards), its 3 tarsal claws, 
its wandering habits, etc., has but few points of connexion with other sub- 
orders. The Lycosoide however show (through Dolomedes) a relationship 
with the Agulenoide (Textrix) and Drassoide (Zora), but may, as far at 
least as regards the European forms, be easily distinguished from them by 
differences in the form of the cephalothorax, as also by the the position of 
the spinning tubes on the spinners, or by the number of the claws. They + 
also show a certain affinity to the Ælersihoide, but these are without diffi- 
eulty distinguished by their long superior spinners, garnished with spinning 
fubes all along the under side, by the form of the parts of the mouth, etc. 
(Conf. p. 114). The genus Catadysas HENTZ (vid. p. 43, 161) is a connecting 
link between the Zycosoidæ and the Theraphosoide ?) The Oxyopoidæ show 
evident analogies With the Aztoide; both the Oxyopoidæ and Ocyale resemble 
in their general appearance certain Philodromine (Thanatus); but the form 
of the cephalothorax and the number of the claws is different, and the dif- 
1) Like several of these latter, many Lycosoide dig with their mandibles deep 
holes or galleries in the ground: HENTZ (Aran. of the United States, in Bost Journ. 
of Nat. Hist., IV, p. 229) even states that he once found such a hole, in the winter, 
which was supplied with a /id. Also of the European Tarentula Apulie it has 
been said that it closes the orifice of its gallery for hibernation; but this is an error: 
Conf. BERGSoE, lagttagelser om den Italienske Tarantel ete., p. 255. 
